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Advances in ww2
Scientific inventions from world war ii
Scientific inventions from world war ii
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Advances in ww2
Scientific inventions from world war ii
Scientific inventions from world war ii
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I think that McKenna’s article effectively uses logical and emotional appeal to convey her opinion that society’s scorn towards antibiotics is silly. She builds her academic argument by giving a comprehensive history of antibiotic history while citing outside resources from reliable organizations and scientists. Additionally, McKenna illustrates examples of benefits of proper antibiotic use, like with livestock raising. The article’s effectiveness also largely lies in its emotional appeal, particularly through personal testimony.
Another account of this was the sulfonamide experimentation. In this test, bacteria such as streptococcus, gas gangrene, and tetanus was inserted into abrasions intentionally inflected to the subject. To generate a related condition to the ones faced by the German Armed Forces, circulation was stopped from both sides of the injury. "Doctors" forced wood shavings into the abrasions to exacerbate the infection. These illnesses were then treated with sulfonamide and additional drugs.
While looking through petri dishes containing “colonies” of a bacteria that caused boils, sore throats and abscesses, Alexander Fleming found that one petri dish had a mold growth that appeared to hinder bacterial growth (“Discovery and Development of Penicillin”). Fleming established that this mold had the ability to eliminate harmful bacteria, including the bacteria that he was originally researching, before tasking his assistants with isolating “pure penicillin” (“Discovery and Development of Penicillin”). Rickets, a disease that softens the bones in children due to vitamin D deficiency, was much more prominent back then compared to modern times. This is due to the discovery of Vitamin D. Vitamin D is historic for its ability to prevent Rickets which had been around for hundred of years
Stopping the Silent Killers: The Discoveries that Changed Medicine in War Before World War II the majority of fatalities in war were not caused by trauma but by diseases. Common diseases like dysentery, cholera, typhus, typhoid fever, smallpox and the influenza would wipe out entire camps of soldiers before bullets were ever fired. WWII marked the transition to trauma causing the most fatalities. Trauma wounds are defined as an injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agents like bullets, shrapnel, or blunt force injuries. Medical advances with blood transfusions, vaccines, and antibiotics caused a shift from infection being the most significant cause of combat fatalities to trauma causing the most deaths.
The Nazis performed numerous unethical human experiments during World War II such as drug/treatment testing, twin experiments, and musculoskeletal transplants. While searching for causes and solutions to many illnesses that their soldiers contracted, the Schutzstaffel physicians conducted cruel experiments on their prisoners. As stated by Peter Tyson at PBS, “Doctors at the Ravensbruck concentration camp performed studies to test the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs in curbing such infections. They inflicted battlefield-like wounds in victims, then infected the wounds with bacteria such as streptococcus, tetanus, and gas gangrene.” After forcing the infection, doctors would continue to irritate the wound by depositing shards of broken glass and wood shavings to imitate how the infection would react to their soldiers on the field.
Machine guns and poisonous gas were two new weapons used heavily during the war, along with the use of trench warfare. The weapons were more deadly than in previous wars, which caused the medical technology to lag behind. The medical staff was inexperienced to the new injuries caused by the modern weapons and the clinic had inadequate amounts of supplies to properly treat patients. The lack of funds used to supply the medical equipment caused many soldiers to go untreated which either amplified their injuries or caused death. For example, Kemmerich would have had a higher chance of surviving his leg amputation if there were modern medical techniques and supplies available.
Most important was a wide increase in usage of penicillin. Even though it had been developed pre-war, it took the whole WWI and inter-war period to make it an effective medicine on industrial scale. In GB it was hugely used after D-Day (1944) and increased survivability of wounded soldiers by 30%. The percentage was that huge due to the fact that it took often not less than 12-14h after being wounded until the solder was being operated; with use of penicillin, such a period allowed a wound to fester. Moreover, the operative treatment developed as well.
but they types of bacteria they were exposed to. I am going to further address the antiseptic methods if any was implemented at all. Additionally a brief history behind the individuals who developed these techniques and their contribution to the medicine during the civil war.
Moreover, Penicillin, a group of antibiotics, was discovered during this time, specifically in the 1928s by Alexander Fleming (ACS, 2023). Although the first dose of penicillin was used in 1941 by Albert Alexander, it was still a life-changing discovery as it changed the lives of many - even after the period of 1918s1939s (Wood, 2010). The discovery of penicillin allowed a lot of life-threatening diseases to be treated, such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, and pneumonia. Penicillin is known to save millions of lives. Indeed, in just World War Two, the death rate because of bacterial pneumonia would go from 18% to 1%, because of the invention of penicillin.
We had no sterilized gauze dressing, no gauze sponges.... We knew nothing about antiseptics and therefore used none (“Civil War Medicine”, paragraph
It also helped the medics out on the field too. “Military surgeons were amazed by how the drug reduced pain, increased the chance of survival and made it easier for nurses and doctors to care for soldiers on the battlefield.” (Little, 2021). Penicillin helped soldiers in many aspects. Not only were scientists able to create the flu vaccine and penicillin
Review of Literature Compare and contrast the level of medical care and advancements given to the allies in World War 1 and World War 2. Source 1 World War 1 saw the introduction of X-rays and blood transfusions. The X-rays allowed doctors to see where a bullet or pieces of shrapnel had penetrated an injured soldier and where they were in the soldier’s body. The x-ray machines, although big, were portable. With the recent advancements of motorised ambulances during World War 1, medics were able to get to injured soldiers faster and transport the x-ray machines with them.
The experiments performed by German physicians during World War II were torturous, unethical, and unreasonable when considering better ways in which the research could have been conducted. Experiments were performed on non-consenting camp prisoners by physicians attempting to improve soldier survival rates and further knowledge in lesser-explored medical fields (Coleman et al. 16). Experimentation to find a cure for Malaria was performed from February 1942 to April 1945, during which time prisoners were infected with malaria and treated with different drugs in order to find the best cure. Coleman notes, “Over 1,000 involuntary subjects were used in these experiments. Many of the victims died and others suffered from severe pain and disability…”
They worked assiduously to uncover new methods of treatment in order to provide the best care for heroic soldiers. The catastrophe of the Civil War propelled medicine because it demanded that unprepared doctors adapt to face exceptional challenges. Advancements in the basic principles of medical technology during the American Civil War triggered a scientific movement that transformed medical practices from traditional methods into a modern discipline. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, most people restored to conventional approaches to medicine, which were all far from true science. When the Civil War began, educated doctors were in high demand but none of them could have anticipated the extent of tragedy occurring on the battlefields.
he Advancement of U.S Medical Practice and Medicine in World War Two War is bloody and can cost not only billions of dollars, but something much more devastating: human lives. However, advances in the medical field help make the cost of human lives slightly less calamitous. As with any previous war, with the onset of World War Two (WWII) on September 1, 1939, came astonishing new medicine and medical practices that even affect us today. Researchers and medical experts made great strides when attempting to control diseases, modify environments, and maintain the health of civilians and military populations during this global war (Whayne 173). The new medicine and medical practices that were created saved millions of lives and created a backdrop