The Evolution Of The Trade And Intercourse Act Of 1790

As Europeans came in contact with Native Americans, they imposed rules, treaties, and interfered on their land. Europeans violated these treaties and scammed Natives out of having their rights due to their own greed and need. The Europeans took matters into their own hands by creating Indian policies. These policies would drastically change throughout the years as conflict arose due to land issues and the civil rights of these Indians. The Europeans started making Indian policy through the Treaty making system in order to properly negotiate and obtain land. This system consistently had fraud and manipulation from the Europeans. For the Indians this system was seen as an alliance but for the Europeans it was purely business. The Indians made

However, as Andrew Jackson came into office, he claimed to congress that ‘ “if the states chose to extend their laws over [Indians] it would not be in the power of the federal government to prevent it” ’ (Takaki, p. 81). In 1832, in the Worcester v. Georgia case the Supreme Court officially ruled that states do not have the authority to have jurisdiction over Indian territory. Once again Jackson ignored it and continued his Indian removal plan after passing his Indian removal act in 1830 that gave him the authority to draw up treaties to move Indians west of the Mississippi River. In 1831, The Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty was ratified which gave the Choctaw a chance to stay in Mississippi or move West. So even after the Cherokees win their case they are still forced to move due to a new treaty known as the Treaty at New Echota (Takaki, p.88), along with the Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole in what is known as the Trail of

By the end of the war they created the Indian Claims Commission to look at broken treaties, lost compensation, and helped to resolve disputes of ownership of land. The issue here is that they needed proof of land yet in the Plains, the tribes were constantly moving and not settled and others did not have proof. Another change in policy was Public Law 280 in 1953 that stated Indians had to live on their own and would not get federal aid. Dillon Myer wanted to separate and terminate the relations between the Indians and federal government. With this new policy the Bureau of Indian Affairs relocated thousands of Indians with a one way bus ticket so they would not be able to return home. These Indians struggled to adapt to these new homes and the city life. Relocation centers were made to offer help to these Indians and brought cultural awareness and social services for them. The outcome led to a growth of Native American activism and a sense of