Beginning in the 18th century, many ancient civilizations began to decline including the Ottoman empire and the Qing dynasty. The Ottomans had reached their peak late in the 15th century. The turkic warriors demolished the Byzantine empire and established an Islamic society in much of the Balkans and the Mediterranean. To the east a new Chinese dynasty was emerging in the mid 17th century. The Qing emperors were not of Chinese descent, but were instead a nomadic group called the Manchu that conquered a declining Ming dynasty in 1644.
“For legitimizing their rulership, founders of Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empire claimed to descend from certain historical, political or religious leaders. Explain how each of these imperial dynasties claimed such legitimacies and compare them in terms of similarities and differences in the process of establishing their authority.” ALİHÜSEYİN ALTUNBAŞ SOCIAL SCIENCES UNİVERCITY OF ANKARA The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were three major Islamic empires (Gunpowder Empires) that emerged in the medieval period.
In his Second Inaugural Address speech by Abraham Lincoln, incorporates biblical references and compares the North and South in order to bring them together and unite the country. Lincoln indirectly questions the ethics behind owning slaves by referring to the bible and reveals the South using God as an excuse for racism. Quoting the bible, Lincoln concludes that “He now wills to remove” implying that God wishes to abolish slavery. The former president convoys God to have “his own purposes” suggesting to leave the war in God's hands.
All empires in history had a high in their history but they all eventually came to their demise. The Ottoman Empire and the Ming Dynasty both had ways they gained, consolidated and maintained their power while they were at their highest point. They had significant leaders that lead to these successful points. The Ottoman Empire covered parts of Asia, Europe and Africa controlled by their leader named Suleiman.
However (Duiker, World History, 453), the Ottoman empire had Janissaries, their non-Muslim elite army (Busbecq, “Letters”)and the exclusive use of women slaves to reproduce their royal heirs which made them unique from the Safavid and the Mughal empires (Duiker, World History,
Slavery had a key role in the cultures of Muslim and European people. The documents provided, after being analyzed, tell that the thoughts about slavery from each culture were different. The documents also state that the reasons for the differences in the opinions about slavery were because of religions and basic cultural ideals. Nevertheless, there were some similarities between their slavery. One of the most important is the social status of the slaves.
“All men over the age of 14 were expected to undertake military duty” (RTM2 Document B). The Mongols trained their men at a young age so they could become great warriors. The boys were taken from their families and forced to join the military. There were few exceptions for them to not join.
The Ottoman and Mughal empires both used Islam in their culture, economy, wars, and society. It influenced their art, the way they treated non-Muslims, their motivations for war. It is important to note that both empires were influenced differently by their majority religion. However, both the Ottomans and Mughals were heavily influenced as Islam was a major part of everyday life from the art to the bureaucracy.
Throughout history, many impactful and memorable empires have arisen. Each empire has its own defining traits that lead to its success or demise. Some empires are very similar, while some posses many different traits. And although some can possess the same quality, their implication and utilization of that quality can create many gaps in the empire’s overall similarity to the other. Two powerful and historically important empires are the Ottoman empire, and the Mughal empire.
The Muslim world expanded tremendously during the 1300s to 1700s. The Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire were two out of the three empires that had significant changes during these time. Though the Ottoman and Safavid Empire contrast on leaders and ways they rule, they similar on their declination and cultures. In the Ottoman Empire, multiples leaders contributed to the growth of the Empire. Ghazis were warriors for the Islam that followed strict Islamic rules.
Sir Thomas Roe, an English diplomat and ambassador to Constantinople once said "The Ottoman Empire has the body of a sick old man, who tried to appear healthy, although his end was near." Definitely, the Ottoman Empire wouldn't stay strong and young forever. Due its fast and rapid success in expanding, having a strong court system, and having an efficient system of taxation, other great powers in Europe felt threatened. After all, if the empire was expanding and gaining much power quickly, it would be unexceptional for it to invade one of these great powers. Europe sensed the Ottoman jeopardy, so countries such as Britain, France, and Italy allied and plans were made to ensure the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
Emperor Akbar was the ruler of a gunpowder Empire, allowing him to conquer most of the Indian subcontinent, which is what I believe he will be remembered for. Equally important, Akbar created new policies to have non-Muslims support him, some policies like removal of taxes on pilgrims along with non-Muslims, he became interested in other religions, to the point of complete toleration as well as inviting Christian missionaries to talk to him about their religion. Surprisingly, even though he supported and had his court made of poets, artists and scholars he never learned to read or indite.
The five imperial wars greatly impacted everyone who participated. Moreover, the French and Indian War caused the thirteen colonies to become closer politically and culturally. In fact, it brought English colonists together as Americans for the first time and allowed them to realize the true intentions of the British Empire. English American settlement was a melting pot of “self-reliant individual landholders, fiercely independent in pursuit of their own interest” (American Yawp, chp.4). They had previously developed their own political institutions, each colony creating their own assembly in which carried out the same duties that Britain exercised such as taxation, managing revenue, and granting salaries to royal officials.
Ottoman Empire Summary The Ottoman Empire had been around for hundreds of years. However it began to weaken. The weakness was from the Ottomans struggle to modernize.
The Ottoman Empire came into power in 1301. The Ottomans were able to overthrow the Seljuks and after that they were able to repopulate the city and stay in power until 1922. The Ottoman rulers implemented many systems that were more helpful than harmful and allowed them to have strong loyal citizens. These systems built up their empire in crucial places. The Ottoman Empire had a strong trade and military system with religious tolerance these factors allowed them to stay in power for so long.
