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Chemical Equilibrium In The Human Body

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What are chemical equilibriums? These are systems where the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates, meaning that the reaction rates of each the forward and reverse reactions are equal. What one may now ask is what the importance of a chemical equilibrium has on the human body. In this essay, I will be talking about the chemical equilibrium in our blood and the chemical equilibrium in our respiratory system, while explaining the reaction kinetics. One importance of chemical equilibrium reaction is that it helps the blood to control it’s pH level, which is between 7.35-7.45. If it were to be that the state of the blood changes to slightly alkalosis or acidosis, one would probably gain critical health problems and a possibility …show more content…

During physical exercises, muscles may produce lactic acid if the work is intensive. The lactic acid thereafter donates a hydrogen ion to the water in the blood to create hydronium. As the system is at inbalance,the equation will be shifted to the left do decrease the concentration of hydronium. Furthermore, if one has an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood, more hydrogen ions will be produced and an increased concentration of hydrogen ions will cause the pH to lower, a change in pH will have to occur. With taking Le Chatelier’s Principle in consideration, “the position of the equilibrium of a system changes to minimise the effect of any imposed change in conditions”. Therefore, in this system, the amount of hydrogen ions which are needed will associate with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid as pH= pK - log( [CO2] / [ HCO3^-] …show more content…

Haemoglobin is responsible for the transportation of oxygen to cells in order to carry out aerobic respiration. The following equation, Hb (aq) + 4O 2 (g) ⇋ Hb(O 2 ) 4 (aq), is the equilibrium between Hemoglobin(Hb) and Oxygen(O). In areas with high concentration of oxygen, the position of the equilibrium shifts to the right and vice versa for area where the concentration of oxygen is low However, this condition alters with environmental conditions and therefore, one can see the importance of a chemical equilibrium in the human body. There are certain “elevations” above sea level, where the air pressured is lower. Thus, the oxygen concentration in the air decreases which in turn decreases our ability to obtain oxygen . According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, this results in a shifting to the left, which is away from the oxygenated hemoglobin. This is a reason for why oxygen tanks are needed for those people who have for example, low haemoglobin level. In this case, an equilibrium is reached by obtaining oxygen, which shifts the equilibrium back to right, in order to eliminate the disturbance according to Le Chateliers Principle. This equilibrium has in one sense restricted us humans on where we can be in the Earth, such as high and very low altitudes. However, humans have developed several ways to counter this restriction, but with external help such as

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Also during exercise the amount of glucose produced by cells increases due the requirement for more ATP from working muscles, than from those at rest. The influx of glucose to the bloodstream after consuming a meal or snack shows how the components of the glucose homeostasis system work together to re-establish normal blood glucose concentration. The rainbow rage is a long and tiresome race, therefore, blood glucose levels may run low due to their depletion.

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When the compound sodium bicarbonate dissolve in water, it breaks apart to make sodium ion and bicarbonate ion (HCO3 − ) ions. The reason why Bicarbonate reacts to hydrogen ions it’s because of the citric acid. It reacts to citric acid is so the form carbon dioxide and water The reaction is calculated by using the following chemical

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If we imagine that an individual has begun exercising, the oxygen uptake increases because there is a higher demand for energy. Oxygen is the ultimate source of energy that allows ATP to be generated. More ATP must be made in order for homeostasis to be maintained. After a prolonged period of exercise, lactic acid accumulation begins to occur in the tissues of the body because the energy for oxygen uptake can no longer be supplied after a certain period of time of exercise. When the individual ends exercising, it takes time for the oxygen uptake to return to its resting level because the lactic acid that had accumulated in the tissues must be broken down into CO2 and H2O.

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Researchers at the University of California, San Diego discovered that stingrays have the same enzymes used by “boneworms” to break down whale carcasses, and help promote photosynthesis in coral. However, this enzyme in stingrays is used to regulate their blood pH. This discovery is leading scientists to get a better understanding of enzyme’s function in human kidneys to regulate blood and urine function. To examine the enzyme more closely graduate student Jinae Roa isolated cells from stingray gills and exposed them to different pH conditions. Her and Martin Tresguerres discovered the more elevated and more alkaline, the proton pump activated by pushing the cells inner cytoplasm to the outer membrane, therefore, relieving it of excess acid.

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