The Kennesaw State Arboretum is spilt from an upslope and a downslope which was examined to seeing the difference in age and size of the hardwood and pine trees. The variation of age and size can be due to changes in the progressive changes in the tree species over time. This was tested by measuring pine and hardwood trees in 2 different areas of the forest, upslope and downslope, collecting tree data with at least 25cm circumference and 10 ft. tall in 5 different plots of 100 m2. The data describes the hypothesis that if the upslope and downslope parts of the forest differ in age, then the size of the eldest hardwood trees of the upslope and downslope will differ. If the upslope and downslope parts of the forest are different ages, then the forest will differ in proportion of mature hardwood relative to pine.
In historian Jared Diamond’s book and film Guns, Germs and Steel, he attempts to explain why some parts of the world are more economically sound than others. The facts Diamond delves into extend back thousands of years. Some civilizations had what Diamond referred to as “geographic luck”, meaning that some lands were situated in an environment better suited for agriculture and other resource gathering. Other civilizations were also unable to domesticate animals that would have made farming and living on the land easier. Domesticated animals provided milk, fur, meat, as well as the ability to feed off leftover crop beds and create dung to fertilize future crops.
In the 1600s, the British people took interest in India. In 1707 when the Mongol Empire was collapsing, which meant the British had a chance to take over. By 1857 Britain took full, direct control of India. Although the British developed a very strong army, they restricted the freedom of Indians, created national parks, but abused natural resources, and killed almost 60 millions people but brought modern medicine. When the British took over India, they took over pretty much the entire government and created laws that restricted the rights of the Indians.
Between the years 1450 and 1750, the world was changing at a rapid, breakneck pace. Across the globe, Europe expanded and colonialized, scientists and philosophers developed new ideas and inventions, and gunpowder empires formed and reached their peak. On such empire was the Mughal Empire, located in India from the 1500s to the mid-1800s. The rise of the Mughal empire surely highlights the altering political, cultural, and religious landscape of India. From 1450 to 1750, India underwent massive changes in government, culture, religion—paradoxically, religion and the caste system were the shred of continuity in India during that time.
The Great Mahele of 1848 was a foreign concept of land division that was specifically designed to allow the maka’ainana or the Hawaiian commoners to own land. Kauikeaouli, also known as Kamehameha III, created the Mahele due to foreign pressure. The foreigners wanted more control of the land that they lived on, being unsatisfied with granted long-term leases of land. " The missionaries for their part persisted in a curious argument which held that only the private ownership of lands would save the Hawaiian race from extinction," (Kame’elehiwa as cited in Borreca).
Based on these results, it is hypothesized that if the amount of topsoil increases by 25% then plant growth increases because topsoil contains essential nutrients required for proper plant
Forests were cut down, making lumber/timber rare. However, despite
Table 2: Woody species with the three highest Importance Values in the mowed area.
Our society as a whole must work to preserve all the ‘Good Oaks’ in the environment for future
HRT 3M1a- Grade 11 Religion CPT Part A: Annotated Bibliography Chapple, Christopher Key. " Hinduism and ecology. " Tikkun, Mar.-Apr. 2005, p. 32.
Historians who practice historiography agree that the writings from the beginning of what is now known as the United States of America can be translated various ways. In James H. Merrell’s “The Indians’ New World,” the initial encounters and relationships between various Native American tribes and Europeans and their African American slaves are explained; based on Merrell’s argument that after the arrival of Europeans to North America in 1492, not only would the Europeans’ lives drastically change, but a new world would be created for the Native Americans’ as their communities and lifestyles slowly intertwined for better or worse. Examples of these changes include: “deadly bacteria, material riches, and [invading] alien people.” (Merrell 53)
Trees and shrubs played a fundamental role and acted as classic keystone species such as shrub oaks, oaks, willows, poplars, and mesquites. Mesquites had long roots that could penetrate deeply into the ground to reach the water table and could assure their hydration through the dry seasons. Mesquites also acted as good nitrogen pumps for the soil to keep it fertilized. The seeds of this tree were also important because they were a reliable source of carbohydrates, proteins, and sugars for the local animals. The mesquites being so big and tall helped to create shade and block wind for animals during the high daytime temperatures.
The British first came to India not only because of the abundance of raw materials, but also the mass potential they seen. The British East India Company, took advantage of the collapsing Mughal Empire, and broke away from their control to flourished their company. In 1857 the Sepoy army rebelled and that caused the British to come in guns blazing and take over the country. The British rule demolished India through, taxation on anything made in India, and the exportation of raw materials, which caused a plentiful amount of famine,and throughout all of this, the British kept most on India uneducated, and those they did educate, most were forced to become interpreters for the benefits it would make in taking over India and keeping the British in control. Political Paragraph British imperialism had a negative effect on the politics of India because of the corrupt justice system, and the utter lack of respect that killed masses of innocent people.
And one of the old solutions for this concern is to increase number of cultivation lands and exploit new fish stocks. But the competition for land from other human activities makes this an increasingly unlikely and costly solution .for example food producers are experiencing grater rivalry for land, water energy and the need to curb the many negative effects of food production on the environment becoming increasingly clear (Tilman et al. ,2001;
Sustainable forest management requires three major criteria which are the maintenance of ecological processes within the forest (soil formation, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles), maintenance of biodiversity of forest, improving the net social benefits derived from the mixture of forest uses within the constraints by considering the future. Forest provides habitats for more than half of the fauna and flora on the Earth (SCBD, 2001). Forest biome plays an important role in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks (Hassan et al., 2005). Forest land is the most fundamental natural resources which become reduced mainly due to anthropogenic pressures. For proper management of land, it is essential to have information about existing land cover and about the naturalness of the land.
