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The Lochner V. New York Decision Of 1905

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The Lochner v. New York decision of 1905 is a landmark case. The US Supreme Court ruled that a New York law setting maximum working hours for bakers was unconstitutional. The court held that the Constitution prohibits states from interfering with most employment contracts, also referring to the 14th Amendment was violated. This decision is said to have led to the abolition of many progressive era and Great Depression laws adjusting working conditions. In 1897, the state of New York passed a labor law also known as the Bakeshop Act. A New York law outlawed the hours of bakery employees for more than sixty hours a week, ten hours in a day in one week. Joseph Lochner, owner of Lochner’s Home Bakery was fined fifty dollars for violating this act.
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In New York, the Bakeshop Act was a state labor law that prohibited employees from bakery institutions to work more than sixty hours in a week or more than ten hours per day. Joseph Lochner, a baker in Utica, New York, permitted an employee to work more than the limited sixty hours per week at his bakery. He was then fined for breaking the Bakeshop Act. Lochner appealed his conviction on the grounds that the law violated his freedom to contract under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth

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Lochner V. New York is Supreme Court landmark case, began in 1895 when the State of New York passes Bakeshop Act. This act is labor law regulating sanitary and working conditions in New York bakeries; “no employee shall be required or permitted to work in a biscuit, bread, or cake bakery or confectionary establishment more than sixty hours in any one week, or more than ten hours in one day.” Joseph Lochner who owned a bakery shop in Utica, New York was a Bavarian immigrant. Lochner was charged with violating the Bakeshop Act in 1899 since he let one of his employees to work for more than sixty hours in one week. Lochner was fined for fifty dollars.

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An 1897 law passed in New York prohibited employers from permitting employees to work more than sixty hours a week, specifically in bakeries. Lochner was charged with violation of such law and was found guilty. The case was heard by two state courts before being heard by the Supreme Court. Is the 1897 law in New York, prohibiting labor hours exceeding sixty hours in bakeries, in violation of the liberty right within the 14th amendment therefore unconstitutional? Justice Peckham- majority opinion The majority opinion explains that employers are engaging in a contract with employees in relation to their business when setting the number of hours to work.

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