The nomads or the Mongols in the north took over China and established their own dynastic period, the Yuan dynasty. Genghis Khan was the leader of the Mongol empire and his conquest of Eurasia was astonishing, but it was not until Genghis Khan 's grandson Khubilai Khan that the Mongol started establishing trading routes throughout the vast Mongol Empire. Since the Mongols were nomads, they understood the importance of trading with neighboring tribes and nations for goods. It was why the Mongols encouraged foreign diplomacy, they also utilized the ideas established by the Tang dynasty and combined it to their own (Bentley, The Mongol Empire).
Under the leadership of Khubilai Khan, China dealt with numerous exchanges on the Silk Road which had already been used for trading since the Han dynasty but it was during the Yuan dynasty, that the Silk Road gained the most recognition. Throughout this dynasty, China became more opened to exchanges again and it attracted many foreign merchants and missionaries like Christians who attempted to convert
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