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The Most Important Jewish Covenants

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Covenants or B’rit, hold a central place in Judaism, serving as the foundations of the relationship between God and the Jewish people. These sacred covenants are solemn agreements or promises made between God and humans, rooted in the Hebrew Bible. Which encapsulates the religious, ethical and societal framework of Judaism. The most pivotal covenants involve the Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Moses, each marking a profound moment in Jewish religious history. The first and most significant covenant in Jewish history is the covenant between Abraham and God. In Genesis 12:1-3, God calls Abraham to leave his homeland and promises to make him a great nation. This covenant is reaffirmed in Genesis 17:1-14, where God changes Abram’s name to Abraham, signifying his role as the “Father of many nations” and establishes circumcision as a physical sign of this eternal covenant. The promise of land, descendants and blessings for all nations through Abraham, highlights the universal scope and enduring nature of this covenant. Because it establishes the foundation for the Jewish belief of chosen people committed to God by a holy covenant, the Abrahamic covenant is essential. Genesis 15:18-21, promises the land …show more content…

This covenant, described extensively in the Book of Exodus, establishes the Israelites as a holy nation and God’s treasured possession (Exodus 20:1-17). It forms the core of this covenant, outlining the laws and ethical guidelines for the Jewish people. The Mosaic covenant is significant because it transforms the Israelites from a tribal community into a nation governed by divine law. It emphasizes the obedience to God’s commandments as a condition for receiving His blessings and dwelling in the Promised Land. The Torah becomes the blueprint for Jewish life, encompassing religious, moral and social aspects, as well as fostering a collective identity centred on covenantal

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The Lord leads Israel in conquering the land and judging its wicked inhabitants, and then he distributes the land among the twelve tribes. The book ends with Joshua’s pleas for Israel to remain faithful as God’s people. Judges opens with Israel’s disobedience. They refuse to wage war with unbelief and to purge idolatry from the land. The books of Samuel, named after him, tell of a time of great change within the Israelite nation.

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God makes a covenant with Moses called the Mosaic covenant, which is the covenant between God and the nation of Israel. The covenant was made at Mount Sinai, where God makes Moses the leader of Israel. This covenant is conditional because its organized in the form of blessings and curses. God states “I will set my Dwelling among you, and will not disdain you.

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This covenant is conditional and would set Israel away from all other nations. Cross justifies this with a quote from Exodus “Now, if you obey me completely and keep my covenant, you will be my treasured possession among all peoples, though all the earth is mine. You will be to me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation” (Cross 114). This quote means that the people must comply with God or else it is invalid.

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The book of 1-2 Chronicles were written to meet the needs of the remnant Jews about the history of Israel. The books were intentionally made to remind the exile people who reads the book concerning the cause and reasons that brought them to the position where they were right now. Through this purpose, it is important to recognize these three things: 1) the importance of honoring the national and spiritual heritage of the Jews, 2) the importance of obeying the Mosaic law, the existence of the temple, and the priesthood in maintaining their spiritual relationship with the Lord their God, which is, much more important than their loyalty to the worldly kings, and 3) the unending hope for Israel regarding God’s promise of the future Messiah from

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God made it through his authority that the people of Israel be made into the Holy nation for God, which is God’s most important possession, so he can protect and care for his people. The ten commandments describe proper guidelines for the Israelite people. In her important study of “love” in the Deuteronomistic History and prophetic texts, Susan Ackerman takes as her opening premise Moran’s understanding of love in Deuteronomy.10 In particular, she asserts without equivocation that the Bible conceives of “interpersonal love” and “covenant love” as distinct types of love, in which the former is “emotional” and the latter is “political.” The ten commandment guidelines are explained as requirements of the covenant that God made with the people of Israel. The ten commandments are the most important principles that govern the people of Israel.

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For the Hebrew people the covenant covered all human relationships. It is a bond which unites people through mutual obligations. It is natural, therefore, a relationship to God was expressed in covenant terms. It occurred between God and Abraham and was the beginning of the relationship between God and Jewish people. Simply put, it provides Jews with God's protection if they uphold and follow his commandments and laws.

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Deuteronomic Law Under the New Covenant The difference between the Law within the Old Covenant and the Law within the New Covenant is the centrality of the land to both covenants. The Old Covenant was forged with the land at its center. Without the land, the Old Covenant would be missing a crucial aspect of the relationship between the People of God and YHWH. In response to their faithfulness and obedience the people of Israel are given the Promised Land as their inheritance.

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As one of the most optimistic sections of Exodus, one who has not read the following cannon may think that God has forgotten about the Israelite’s life in Egypt that is much different than Moses’ life in Midian. However, verses 23 to 25 provide significant theological importance in making the shift from God’s covenant being between patriarchs on an individual basis to a larger group of people on a communal basis. God not only remembers. He hears, looks on, is concerned about, and acts out to intercede on behalf of His people. Such signs of prosperity can be seen through the birth and naming of Moses’ first child.

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CHAPTER THREE: Describe and discuss some ways in which fictive kinship and suzerain covenants inform our understanding of God's covenants with us. The fictive kinship and suzerain covenants informs our understanding of God’s covenants with us in many ways. The vassal in the suzerain covenants represent Israel, and in Yahweh’s covenants he tells her what she will do (his law) and when she will do it (calendar of holy days). He also tells them that if she “loves” them or obeys him, he will bless her with peace and prosperity.

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Covenant theology developed fairly recently with the secondary reformers and is defined loosely as a doctrine or system of theology that explains the relationship between God and mankind (Ryrie, 2007). Unlike dispensationalists who focus on epochs of time, covenant theologians base covenant doctrine on biblical themes, especially God’s covenants with ethnic Israel recorded in the Old Testament (Reid, Linder, Shelley, & Stout, 1990). Hence, most covenant theologians systematically interpret the Scriptures based on two or three features or covenants: works, redemption, and grace (Enns, 2014). The Covenant of Works is based on the promise of eternal life God made to Adam (Gen. 2:15-17) for his obedience (Enns, 2014).

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In the Hebrew Bible, the covenant is the formal acknowledgment between God or Yhwh and the common people of Israel. Which each person acquiesce to a set of rules and responsibilities toward each other. The Bible views the covenant from two different points of views. The eternal covenant or unconditional between Yhwh and Israel. Israel believes that the covenant agreements can never be destroyed, however it does allow for Yhwhs divine judgment.

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The covenant is fulfilled when Gabriel announces the conception of Jesus in Mary, who is to be the King of David’s kingdom, David and his descendants’s strong faith in God result in God doing His job and establishing that kingdom through His

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Old Testament Covenants In the Old testament you see God making a lot of promises. During Biblical times these were called Covenants. A Covenant is an “Arrangement between two parties involving mutual obligations; especially the arrangement that established the relationship between God and his people, expressed in grace first with Israel and then with the church. Through that covenant God has conveyed to humanity the meaning of human life and salvation Covenant is one of the central themes of the Bible, where some covenants are between human beings, other between God and Human Beings.”

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According to Arnold & Beyer (2008), “the terms of the covenant were a result of God’s grace and love for his people… [and they] established His bond of intimate relationship with them” (p113). All the Commandments show God’s redeeming grace for His people, “He gave them His law in the context of His redemption” (Clowney, 2013, p. 106), and are a “positive expression of God’s will for His people” (Arnold & Beyer, 2008). Clowney (2013) writes, The Ten Commandments begin with God’s description of Himself as the Redeemer of Israel: ‘I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery’ (Exodus 20:2). The great mistake of legalism is to detach the law of God from the God who gave it. (p 106)

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God made covenants with the Jewish people. The first covenant was between God and Abraham. God chose Abraham to be the father of a group of people that would be special to God. God said Abraham and his descendants must obey God and live their life in a way that shows the world God was the only supreme God. In return God would protect them, help them, and give them the land of Canaan to live.

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