Principlism is an ethical theory applied particularly in relation to bioethics, divided in four prima facie: respect for autonomy, non maleficence, beneficence and justice. Respect for autonomy results in freedom to make choices without external control which is expected to be both accepted in binding in others (McLean, 2009). In this essay i am going to discuss the person’s autonomy and the role of the health care professional regarding the implementation of an advanced care directive including the features of a valid consent and how that relates to an advanced care directive, the importance of respecting a patients choices and the exceptions to this, when paternalism is ethically justified. These concepts will all be analysed from the perspective
Ethical theories are ways of telling right from wrong and include guidelines of how to live and act in an ethical way. For example when faced with a difficult situation in your life, you can use ethical theories to assist you in making the right decision. One key theory is consequentialism, which says that an individual’s correct moral response is related to the outcome/ consequence of the act and not its intentions/ motives. Early writers on this theory were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, a modern writer is Peter Singer. For example Brenda Grey has asked for the asthma specialist to visit her weekly, and to decide if this is necessary the professionals involved have to look at how it would affect her wellbeing.
Today's health care system is difficult to understand. It has undergone dramatic changes over the years. There are many changes that shift the movement from "an indemnity plan to a managed care system. " Not only has the U.S. health care system undergone dramatic changes, but as well continues to evolve to a rapid pace (Conklin, 2002).
In the UK, policies for health, safety and security are not only give positive impact it also creates dilemma in relation to implement. Dilemma refers to a situation in which a difficult choice has to he made between two or more alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones. There are different types of dilemma in safety. This includes * Resource implications
Autonomy: In a healthcare setting, the right of a patient to make informed choices about their body is defined as autonomy. The moral principle of respect for autonomy directs healthcare providers to refrain from preventing patients from making their own decisions unless these choices pose serious risks to the patient or society. This means that an informed and competent patient has the ability to either accept or decline treatments, surgeries and medications. From the information gathered in the assignment case, it can be assumed that Joseph is in a rational state of mind.
In the case of Donald (Dax) Cowart, one can determine that the conflict is between Beneficence and Autonomy. The doctors were morally right in choosing to treat Donald despite his autonomy by using the principle of beneficence. Firstly, doctors entire training is about how to save lives, so in a sense it is something they are morally obligated to do. Patients go to hospital in the hopes of being treated.
Works Cited Bradley, Elizabeth H., Lauren A. Taylor, and Harvey V. Fineberg. American Health Care Paradox: Why Spending More Is Getting Us Less. 2013. Print. This book is interesting.
Consequentialism is based more around the consequence and final result of the actions. In our text book, Ethical Reasoning, it states that in consequentialism, “consequences count, not motives or intentions” (Pence, 2011). Non-consequentialism is based around the intention of one’s doing, regardless of the consequences. A particular action may be good for a business but not good for society or ones health. An example of this would be pharmaceutical companies raising the cost for medicine, this cause many patients to suffer or not be able to afford the medication they need.
Main Argument: P1: The costs of health care would decrease if we have universal health care. P2: Universal healthcare needs to be available for everyone just like education is. P3: Having healthcare would allow individuals to get the health care that they so deserve. C:
Healthcare Ethics: Savior Siblings A current ethical debate in the world of healthcare is Savior siblings. A savior sibling is a child who is born to be genetically compatible with a sibling that is suffering from a life-threatening disease. The child is born to provide either organ or cell transplant, and/or blood transfusions for the ill sibling. The child is created through in vitro fertilization (IVF), once the embryo goes through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), it helps identify genetic defects within the embryos.
Health care should not be considered a political argument in America; it is a matter of basic human rights. Something that many people seem to forget is that the US is the only industrialized western nation that lacks a universal health care system. The National Health Care Disparities Report, as well as author and health care worker Nicholas Conley and Physicians for a National Health Program (PNHP), strongly suggest that the US needs a universal health care system. The most secure solution for many problems in America, such as wasted spending on a flawed non-universal health care system and 46.8 million Americans being uninsured, is to organize a national health care program in the US that covers all citizens for medical necessities.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) have raised controversy on whether the law supports or damages the health insurance for all Americans. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) or commonly known as Obamacare is a federal law signed by President Barack Obama on 2010. According to the website ‘Obama Care Facts’ this law “creates a mandate for large employers to provide insurance, the expansion of Medicaid, and the opening of Health Insurance Marketplaces to help subsidize private insurance.” Its main goal is to provide and improve affordable health care insurance for all Americans but due to the divide opinions about the ACA, congress has judged over 50 repeal attempts. As a last attempt to overthrow the law; the Republican Party from
Ethical Complexity of Distribute Justice and Rationing Medicine is a practice based on moral standards applied to clinical values and judgments, also known as medical ethics. Ethical values consists of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy and justice. However, these ethical principles are affected when distributive justice and rationing of health care resources are implemented “…in a world in which need is boundless but resources are not…” (Scheunemann & White, 2011, p. 1630). The historic Hippocratic Oath described the four main principles of medical practice and established a moral conduct for clinicians. Beneficence demands that health care providers develop and maintain skills and knowledge, consider individual circumstances of all patients, and strive for the patient’s benefit.
Ethics can be explained as principles a society develops to guide decisions about what is right and wrong. Ethical principles that society has are influenced by religion, history, and experience of the people in the group. Meaning that ethics is based on guidelines we have learned while growing up, that helps us differentiates what is right and what is wrong. For example, some people think health care should be a human right as others think it should only be available to those who can pay for it. Each group of people is guided by the principles they believe in.
Healthcare professionals mostly adopt patient rights, covering such matters as access to care, patient dignity, confidentiality, and consent to treatment.