The Nuremberg Code And The Fair Benefit Model

In regards to the Nuremberg Code, it is a set of ten principles for ethical experimentation, which has served as a foundation for ethical clinical research since 1947 (Ghopi 1). As discussed in our textbook, Nazi physicians conducted painful and often deadly experiments on thousands of individuals during World War II, which ended up being the basis for this code. In 1946, the judges at the Nuremberg Trials realized that there was a serious lack of a code of ethics for experimentation on captive populations, in which they created the Nuremberg Code (Pence 188). At these trials, German physicians defend themselves by stating that they were merely following orders when conducting these experiments and the experiments were directly related to solving medical problems of war, which further proved the need for a code of ethics. The Fair Benefits model is an attempt to provide a fair level of benefits to developing/third world countries, which is not necessarily

Among these potential benefits include: additional diagnostic tests, distribution of medications and vaccinations, and emergency evacuation services (Fair Benefits 2). Essentially, the Fair Benefits model emphasizes sharing the benefits of successful medical research and along with the Collaborative model, it is a solution to the four major questions regarding medical research in developing countries. These four questions include: “1) How can we prevent vulnerable patients form being exploited by research?, 2) How can such patients gives informed consent?, 3) Is it right to apply standards of research of developed countries to research in developing countries or can there be a double standard?, and 4) Are there special problems of context in doing research on poor, illiterate people in developing countries? (Pence 204).” In addition to answering these questions, there are three guidelines that need to be followed when conducting research in