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The Pros And Cons Of Concrete

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Concrete is the primary material in construction industry. It consists of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and other admixtures. Generally Ordinary Portland cement is used in concreting but the production of OPC causes a huge amount of carbon emission and also it uses a huge amount of non-renewable natural resources. The concrete construction practice in use is considered as unsustainable because it consumes a huge quantity of sand, stone and water and 2.5 billion tons of OPC per year.

A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete.
The cement industry is one of the primary producers of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas. Concrete causes damage to the most fertile layer of the earth, the topsoil. Concrete is used to create hard surfaces which contribute to surface runoff that may cause soil erosion, water pollution and flooding. Conversely, concrete is one of the most powerful tools for proper flood control, by means of damming, diversion, and deflection of flood waters, mud flows, and the Concrete dust released by building demolition and natural disasters can be a major source of dangerous air pollution. The presence of some substances in concrete, including useful and unwanted additives, can cause health concerns due to toxicity and radioactivity. …show more content…

it is required in huge amount and this are obtained by mining rivers which effects the river by lowering the stream bottom, Depletion of sand in the stream bed and along coastal areas causes the deepening of rivers and estuaries, and the enlargement of river mouths and coastal inlets. It may also lead to saline-water intrusion from the nearby sea. The effect of mining is compounded by the effect of sea level rise. Any volume of sand exported from streambeds and coastal areas is a loss to the

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The major impact is the cost to rebuild things effected by nature. Rebulding homes can be used as one example. As the community knows, storms of any kind just come and go. The major storms though, cause quiete a comosion. They destroy houses, building, anything they lay their eyes on.

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One such method is the Sand Jet. The sand jet is a manually operated “riverbed cleaner” that works by blasting the bottom of the river with water. As it does that, it suctions up silt through a filter, and removes all the tiny, harmful particles in the water. This is important because when the bed of a river is cleaned back into cobble and gravel, it makes it easier for the organisms there to survive and thrive. It is where they will naturally build their homes, and reduces the impact of micro-sediments to fish and macroinvertebrates (Interstream Restoration Services, 2016).

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River has provided protection from flooding but not from the dangers of an inefficient water cycle and a lack of ecological diversity (see figure 2). Pouring concrete into the bed and banks of rivers allows for the water to flow at a much faster rate. The ability for water to infiltrate the ground is non-existent when there is concrete surrounding the water. Without the ability to penetrate the ground, the amount of runoff is increased dramatically. A large decrease in one area of the water cycle only leads to a large increase in another.

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The Bronx is an incredibly urban and populated area attracting traffic from all over. It is home to waste sites, distribution centers, power plants, and so much more. Though each building gives off a different type of waste, whether it be smog from smokestacks or diesel exhaust from trucks, each of these large sites that exist throughout this small area give off a fine particulate matter known as PM2.5. This matter is essentially what contributes to the difficulty breathing people experience as these tiny particles can become lodged in a person’s lungs over time. Studies have consistently found a strong correlation between PM2.5 and conditions like asthma, lung disease, and heart disease.

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Mining can damage the environment and structures above ground. “The observable biological effects include: (1) depletion of numbers of sensitive, and diversity of all, free swimming and benthic (bottom dwelling) aquatic organisms;(2) loss of spawning gravel for fish; and (3) direct fish mortalities, particularly of natural game (salmon and trout) fish.” (Hester, Harrison, 1994). So much is destroyed by mining. Countless properties and families lose their homes and livelihoods to weakened soil and polluted environment.

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Overconsumption such as having a car which releases pollutants or building a new home. This new wave of immigrants is causing detrimental effects on the American ecological footprint. Also, to note the wave of immigrants has also is creating urbanization. Although urbanization can be positive in this case, it is negative because there has been a destruction of agricultural life to make room for the growing population. Essentially, immigration can be harmful to the environment because this new wave

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They also include the replacement of undersized structures such as bridges. These works are necessary, as the original channels have become undersized as a result of the increase in flood flows caused by development. Flash flood also can be overcome with storage ponds of flood attenuation. Ponds such as disused mining pools can be used for flood storage. The objective is to divert the flood water through such ponds and thus regulate the outflow so that the flood peaks are attenuated.

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Running water is one of the most effective agents of erosion. This is because no matter how big or small the rock that falls in the moving water is, the water will always be able to at least pus it forward if not able to keep it floating. This often causes rocks to scrape against each other and then the smaller particles that can float and go to the side of the river, are deposited ashore. The power of oceanic waves causes it to erode coastline rocks. The erosion of wind is most powerful in desert due to the small sand particles that are easily moved by wind and have a strong effect on weathering rocks.

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