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The Pros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering

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Technology has become a major role in Australian and Global agriculture. There are several aspects of technology which have developed each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Genetic testing for traits in livestock and crops has been developed to help breed successful livestock and plants. Artificial insemination was developed as a safer means for animals to mate with human intervention while frozen embryo use has been developed to help aid in birthing and embryo transfer. Cloning has also become a modern day issue which is being used to develop more sustainable means of agriculture. Despite each technologies positives there are several negatives associated with the practice.
Genetic testing is a highly technical and developed strategy …show more content…

Agriculturally the process is beneficial as it allows a female to produce more offspring in their lifetime and can increase the rate of genetic improvement in the species. The process of frozen embryo transfer is as follows: A donor and recipient animal are identified and given prostaglandin shots to synchronize oestrus cycles. A high quality, female animal is impregnated and after one week the embryos are flushed out of the animal and collected. The embryos are than implanted into a recipient animal. The egg will than attach to the uterus and pregnancy and birth will continue. The genetic improvement of a species occurs via the use of frozen embryos due to the advantage that a female animal of high genetic quality will be able to have more high quality offspring in their lifetime. The female animal does not have to carry the pregnancy and therefore can provide a fertilized eggs every oestrus …show more content…

The clone is an exact genetic duplicate of the parent and develops from a single cell. When cloning is successful the offspring will have all the genetic traits the parent did however the physical traits are not identical as the animals environment impacts on how genes as expressed physically (meaning you would not clone an animal due to its physical looks). This allows for characteristics such milk, meat, plant yield and other features to be passed onto a child which will allow for a high profit, high quality animal. This strategy is often useful if an animal and their characteristic/combination of characteristics is rare and superior and can help prevent a characteristic from weakening or being lost during the chance combinations that occur from sexual

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In this picture it shows that the this random cattle 's donor egg is taken from her and the female sheep and they take the nucleus out of the female egg cell and fuse the egg cell and the new nucleus together using an a electric shock and then the embryo is placed in a foster mother, waiting for nature to take its course.

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Also, the in vitro fertilization spare eggs can be adopted by another family that wishes to create a child, but are unable to reproduce

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Infertility treatments has once again been brought into attention. The pleasure that a newborn child can deliver to a human being or couple is undeniable, but some events recently involving IVF has left an uneasy feeling and some unanswered questions about fertility treatments. IVF had first been reported in the 1940s. Its first attempts included putting a human cells and human egg cell into the oviduct (the tube that the egg passes through from an ovary) of a monkey to try and fertilize them. Over time more testing and changers were made to the treatment which lead to a better understanding.

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In some cases, a gestational carrier a woman who has an embryo implanted in her uterus might be used. Your chances of having a healthy baby using IVF depend on many factors, such as your age and the cause of infertility. In addition, IVF can be time consuming, expensive and offensive. If more than one embryo is implanted in your uterus, IVF can result in a pregnancy with more than one fetus

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According to Dr. Jennifer Parks in her talk “Should women use fertility preservation techniques to delay childbearing?” fertility preservation can be a really useful tool to career women who hit their thirties and still are not ready yet to start a family. Therefor, egg freezing has become an emerging solution for many career women that want to have a family later when they are older and still be biologically connected with the baby. First of all, the speaker discussed the basis of biological science about the formation of oocytes in order to address the information that women are higher risk of losing their fertility when they are older. It was stated that oocytes are at their greatest number in a female at the point of birth, and they are decreased to the half when girls hit puberty.

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IVF is a procedure, used to overcome a range of fertility issues, by which an egg and sperm are joined together outside the body, in a specialised laboratory. The fertilised egg (embryo) is allowed to grow in a protected environment for some days before being transferred into the woman's uterus increasing the chance that a pregnancy will occur. The process of fertilisation take place over a few hours and a number of embryos can form. Biological Background “ You will then have daily hormone injections for about 12 days.

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The fact that participates of in vitro fertilization have the option to throw away the unused embryos after they are successfully impregnated separates in vitro fertilization from other forms of artificial insemination. This industry created about four hundred thousand spare embryos, possible life forms. For every child created through in vitro fertilization, there are thirty embryos formed. Although some supporters argue that the discarded embryos have not yet developed nervous system and therefore cannot feel any suffering. Since the first introduction in 1978, in vitro fertilization has contributed to the birth of five million children.

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This technology has become a major breakthrough in embryo research and has provided large numbers of women the possibility of becoming pregnant, and subsequent advances that have dramatically increased their chances (Zhu, 2013). Despite

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After the team, had shown that the uterus survived the transplantation, experiments were begun to attain pregnancy in a transplanted uterus in mice. In 2003 the team showed the first pregnancies with living offspring from mice. This was the first time in the world that pregnancies and normal offspring was achieved from any kind of uterus transplantation model.

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In-Vitro fertilisation, commonly referred to as IVF is a method of fertilisation primarily used by people that are incapable of having children naturally. The word “vitro” stems from the Latin root “vitrum” meaning “glass” and is named as such because the actual fertilisation occurs under laboratory conditions, traditionally in a beaker, test tube or other such lab equipment. The process involves removing an ovum or ova from a woman and then suspending it in a liquid along with sperm in order to fertilise them. Then the fertilised egg, known as a zygote is cultured in a growth medium for 3-6 days before being implanted back into the same woman, or, in the case of surrogacy another woman.

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This is a process where scientists take the nucleus of a cell and inject it into an egg, which results in an embryo. The embryo is then placed in the womb of a female host and carried to term (Green, 1999). In the scenario, there is no need for two parents,

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In vitro fertilization is the process by which an egg is fertilized by sperm outside of the body and then the embryo or embryos are then transferred to the uterus. This process has been used since the 1970’s and doctors keep finding ways to improve it. People worldwide have a very divided opinions about the use of IVF. Some see it as an opportunity to have a family and being able to have kids at an age where they feel comfortable enough, instead of having kids at an early age because of the risks that they would have if they wait. Women also have a better chance of getting their preferred job position if they know that they do not have to decide between a healthy baby or their job.

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Egg Freezing (scientifically known as human ocyte cryopreservation) is a process in which a woman's eggs (oocytes) are extracted, frozen and stored. In the future, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. In simpler language, egg freezing is the freezing of fertility for future. Cryopreservation although is not new. Since the 1950’s, human sperm has been frozen and stored, and since the 1980’s, human embryos have been cryopreserved.

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This essay will look more on the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering has some advantages. Firstly it allows for faster growth rate .Genetic engineering allows of plants or animals to be modified so their maturity can occur at a quicker pace outside of the normal growth conditions that are favourable without genetic changes as well .Secondly, it may also provide a cure for disease to improve health (apecsecadmin, 2014). Genetic engineering can be used to eradicate a number of incurable and deadly disease which could be done by identifying the genes that cause these disease, and manipulate them to prevent people from contracting these potentially deadly diseases.

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Advantages of AI Advantages of AI were observed in the 1950s when successful extension and cryopreservation of bull semen allowed for the collection of valuable sperm at one site and the production of hundreds of doses that could be stored for a period of time to be shipped to distant farms far from the stud site. The ability to breed females without moving the sire to a new area for natural mating increased the rate of genetic progress, reduced the need for bulls or boars on the farm, limited the spread of venereal diseases, and improved the accuracy of reproductive records. In pigs, although the collection and preservation of semen in liquid form was successful, cryopreservation caused problems with sperm survival, damage and fertility.

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