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The Pros And Cons Of Organ Transplantation

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The urge to discover new things has always lead to the process of research and has eventually lead to the development of the mankind and society as a whole. Research as the word suggest is made up of two words Re and Search. The process of rethinking and searching alternatives or new ideas is the main frame on which the research is based. Engineering is a field that has led to major development and inventions of things that have proved to be a boon to the humankind. The process of research involves certain ethics and standard rules to be followed in-order to do appropriate proper justice to the research work.
Research Ethics generally defines the way the researcher’s need to work and what guidelines they must follow to produce a great outcome …show more content…

Even though organ transplantation was greatest boon to medical science but it has given rise to many ethical issues. It has given rise to buying and selling of organs in one way it has also given rise to organ trafficking. For example, in case of Kidney Transplantation Paying people to donate their kidneys is one of the most contentious ethical issues being debated now. The most common arguments against this practice includes, Donor’s safety, Unfair appeal of financial incentives to the economically disadvantaged, turning the body into a money-making tool, wealthy people would be able to access more readily. …show more content…

Also, uterus transplantation is the first ephemeral organ transplant, or a transplant designed specifically for a short term, rather than the anticipated long-term nature of a transplanted liver or kidney.
The research project for uterus transplantations was started at Sahlengrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 1999. The aim of project was to provide women with the possibility of having biological children through transplanted uterus. [3] The experiments with mice started in 1999 and it took around six months already the team had developed a method whereby the surgery could be managed for both the donor and the recipient animal.
After the team, had shown that the uterus survived the transplantation, experiments were begun to attain pregnancy in a transplanted uterus in mice. In 2003 the team showed the first pregnancies with living offspring from mice. This was the first time in the world that pregnancies and normal offspring was achieved from any kind of uterus transplantation model.

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A few more than thirty years ago the first “test tube” baby was born using in-vitro fertilization. “Though fertilization treatments existed before and have since become quite commonplace, that moment in 1978 marked a profound switch in biological medicine. In-vitro fertilization (IVF), developed by doctors Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe, irrevocably changed the way people can and do have babies.” (How Test Tube Babies Changed the World). The growing treatment and trends have allowed many families to make the “impossible” possible.

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The major replacement of taking embryonic stem cells is sacrificing already developed adult stem cells.(Right to Life of Michigan, 2016) The stem cells of adults can be easily conformed to the selected research requirements. Abnormalities in adult stem cells are less likely than embryonic stem cells to regenerate in the research being performed.(Stem Cell Controversy,2016) Another option is an altered nuclear transfer (ANT); which an embryo is not created and any other cell except for the egg cell can be genetically altered and transferred back into the female egg.(Stem Cell Controversy, 2016)This activity does not require harming an actual human embryo for the means of the medical research. Additionally, a blastomere extraction can be accomplished on the fertilized egg at two days old; in which, the mundane embryo endures division between the cell and egg eliminating full devastation.

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Ethical dilemmas have continued to plague the process of organ allocation and transplantation. The supply and demand of organs available continue to make the decisions surrounding organ distribution controversial; the choice of organ recipients should always be made with unbiased, clinical knowledge of which patient will have the best possible outcome from receiving the organ. Organizations are in place to help determine which candidates should

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Assignment 1 The thought of an “organ market” is often one greeted with moral disgust and outrage. So much so that the idea of a self-regulated organ selling market is banned in nearly all civilized societies that perform organ transplants. But would an organ market truly be such an immoral thing? This paper will explore that question and attempt to show that it an organ market would not only be moral, but beneficial to society as a whole. People are born every day with incurable diseases or genetic abnormalities that will eventually require them to receive an organ transplant.

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Classical liberalism, the term in politics, is a retrospective of distinguishing to old liberalism from new liberalism in the early 19th century. It is which it believed that the government that governed least governed best. Until now, it was referred to all forms of liberalism, such as social liberalism or economic liberalism, prior to the arrival of liberals and conservatives. Compared to liberalism, classical liberalism assumed that individuals are rational and capable of overcoming obstacles without resorting to violence. In philosophy, classical liberalism separately protects the freedom as well as property rights.

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Medical News Today stated “ Invitrofertilization is the most common and most effective type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) to help women become pregnant.” Lesley and John Brown were unable to have children, so they wished for a miracle and went to gynecologist Patrick Steptoe and Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Robert Edwards and tried invitrofertilization. They went through hundreds of embryos before Louise was implanted in her mother. Later that year on July 25, 1978 Louise Brown became the worlds first baby born through invitrofertilization. Because she was the first baby ever born through IVF her birth had to be filmed since it was such a scientific advancement.

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The argument of whether organ donors should be compensated for their efforts has become a heated topic. The two sides of the argument have equally valid points, but one must look to the benefit of not only the organ recipients, but also to the donors and to their well-being. There are more ways than one to get the desired organs, not all of them legal in the least. The exploitation of the poor that would accompany the choice of paying people for organ donation would most likely be devastating. Ultimately, organ donation should remain a gift between the donor and the recipient to reduce the chance of exploitation of any participants.

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After the procedure done of kidney transplantation in 1954, people started to question whether if it is truly ethical to harvest the organ of a healthy human being and taking the risk of worsting donor’s health in order to extend the life of the patients with organ failures. Surgeon Murray believes that “For the first time, in medical history, a normal healthy person was to be subjected to a major surgical operation not for his own benefit” (Interview with Murray). Medical procedures were meant to make people healthier and save more lives, but through the practice of organ transitions, the donors had to undergo procedures that are not beneficial for them and could potentially die from, which is exactly the opposite of the purpose for medical procedures. When the reality of transplantation semi-violated the purpose of medical practices, people in the nation holds different opinion on the issues and conflicts arose. The question then became that if one could take away the life of one healthy human and give out all his/her organs to six or seven people and save all their lives, is it beneficial to the society overall to just sacrifice the life of one for the recovery of the six or seven, is that morally wrong?

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This process first became a success when Louise Joy Brown was born on July 25th, 1978. Brown became the first ever ‘test-tube’ baby born and the first of millions more to come. Louise’s parents described her as ‘a miracle.’ This is now a common description of one’s child for parents that have had success with in vitro fertilization (“The World’s First Test Tube Baby.”) In vitro fertilization is used to seven different types of infertility: Endometriosis, low sperm counts, problems with the uterus or fallopian tubes, trouble with ovulation, antibody issues that damage sperm or eggs, the inability of sperm to penetrate or survive in the cervical mucus, or an unexplained fertility problem.

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Part B: Should executed criminals be used as a source of organs for transplants? Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure, which involves replacing a diseased or failing organ with a healthier one (Pfizer). For many people organ transplantation is a life saving treatment, which improves the quality and length of life for the individual (Donate life). Unfortunately the worldwide issue is that the number of patients in need of organ transplantations greatly surpasses the supply of organs available (A Caplan). Therefore patients must wait months, or years for an organ, some will even die waiting for organ transplants (HuangJiefu et al).

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As more people explored this process and it was actually attempted by many people, it gradually became safer. Now it is a common procedure and they take place every day. In modern times they can transplant almost every organ. Compared to when it first began when they could only

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Somatic cell nuclear transfer has not been refined nor yet proven to be safe in the long term” (eNotes). Assisted reproductive and human cloning technologies have proven to come with a higher miscarriage rate. Regulating what these technologies can be used for will prevent cloning. Overall, As reproductive technologies grow there is not telling how advanced and complicated these procedures will

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Today, a major issue regarding organ donations is the system of voluntary donations endorsed by every country in the world. In fact, organ donations

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Whether someone believes in the marketing of human organs or not, one must factor in the positives and negatives of the economic growth, medical benefits, and resourcing that is found when having human organs become a good to buy and sell. Poverty is a large issue in urban and rural areas around the world. Some countries believe in selling human organs and some oppose. The ideology of making a market on human organs as an economic achievement may seem a bit bizarre to the naked eye. Through the knowledge and research, one may change their view.

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Everyone is entitled to choose their own lifestyle, whether they want to have a child or not. Some females who seek to have children find it easy, although some are unfortunate. There are numerous of reasonings, such as being too old to be pregnant, damage to the Fallopian tube or uterus and cancer radiation or chemotherapy. As our generation goes on, many discoveries revolving biology is produced and one of it is the In Vitro Fertilization or “IVF”. It is the procedure of fertilization where they save sperm sample, take an egg from the women and physically combining it in a laboratory dish where the egg and the sperm is now called an embryo.

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