The development of systems of organ transplantation was a crucial step forward in modern medicine. Transplanting organs can solve a wide variety of end-of-life organ failures, saving the life of many terminal patients. However, today, organs available for transplant are increasingly scarce. According to statistics from the US Department of Health, in 2013 29,000 transplant were carried out despite the 121,000 people on waiting list. This shortage has deprived many people of effective medical treatment, and has risen the costs faced by hospital for provisory alternative measures, such as dialysis.
Today, a major issue regarding organ donations is the system of voluntary donations endorsed by every country in the world. In fact, organ donations
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The first organ transplantation was carried out by Joseph E. Murray in 1954 when the physician transplanted a kidney between two twins. Since 1954, the number of transplantation increased constantly. At its outset, the practice was very unstable and presented many obstacles. However, with modern developments in medicine today it is possible to transplant organs such as kidney, liver, lung and heart and this practice became a common last resort in medicine to face the increasing organ failures. However, while nowadays organ transplantations are common practice, organ donations are not. As a result of the increasing demand and the stagnant supply in the sector of organs, there is today a real shortage of organs available for transplantation. Looking at some data we can understand the real magnitude of the problem. In this very moment, in the United States 120,911 people need a lifesaving organ transplant. Moreover, in 2015, 30.974 organ transplantations have been carried with 24,986 organs deriving from deceased donations and 5,989 organs deriving from living donations. According to the United Nations Department of Health & Human Services each day an average 79 people receive organs transplants while an average of 22 people dies while waiting for an organ