Migration is a global issue and human beings have been migrating since time in memorial. Migration refers to temporary or permanent move of people or groups from one geographic location to another for various reasons (Hagen-Zanker, 2008). By 2015 United Nations (UN) figures indicated that there are 244 million migrants in the world and that the number continued to grow by 1.9 per cent per year (UN, 2016). There are many different types of migration but all combined, people who are living in countries other than which they were born represent about 7 per cent of the world’s population.
Migration affects both the sending country as well as the receiving country (de Haas, 2005). Mostly in the receiving country, the question of migration starts off as a small issue but ends up evolving into a big issue impacting a country 's political, economic, cultural, religious environment, and national security. All major developed countries have faced with problems caused by migration (Stalker, 2010). However, it would be a fallacy to conclude that migration has always been a negative thing to the host countries. Lucas (2008) observes that regardless of the problems contributed by migration, the global north has also benefited tremendously from it economically and in many other aspects (Lucas, 2008). The UN estimates that seven out of every 10 international migrants reside in high-income countries and that without migration, the population of Europe would have fallen in the past 15 years