The USA Patriot Act, also known as "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism" was a rushed act passed 45 days after the devastating terrorist attack on the twin towers September 11th, 2001. It was composed with the intention of finding and prosecuting international terrorists on American soil, but consequently violated the constitution. In addition, the Patriot act allows surveillance on all emails, internet, and cell phones to try and catch terrorists. Regardless, the act ended up having more power than primarily planned as stated in the CNN debate on the patriot act. America was founded on the principle of individual liberties and the pursuit of happiness in the context
Police powers, defined in state and Commonwealth legislation, are accompanied by responsibilities which effectively gives rise to a compromise between the right of an individual to personal liberty and ‘the obligation of police to investigate possible breaches of the criminal law’. In Bulsey, the concept of ‘reasonable suspicion’ was discussed and it can be seen that ‘reasonable suspicion’ acted as a control measure; it ensured the police were held liable for their actions when it was proven that they did not have reasonable suspicion. Goldie v Commonwealth defined ‘reasonable suspicion’ as ‘somewhere on a spectrum between certainty and irrationality’ and stressed that to prevent arbitrary use of power, ‘reasonable suspicion’ should lie far from irrationality. However, in 2010, there were proposed changes to certain states’ legislation where ‘reasonable suspicion’ was no longer a requirement for conducting a search.
Question 4 (a): Did PC Williams have the power to carry out a search under s.1 PACE? According to (PACE Code, 1984), S.1 ss (1.1) states that ‘power to stop and search must be used fairly, responsibly with respect for people being searched and without discrimination.’ Therefore, referring to the facts of the case: ‘PC Williams’ thinks he recognises the youth as Patrick Jones based on the youth’s black scruffy looking and wearing a baseball cap. Added to that, his suspicion was based on the number of times that he has arrested Patrick Jones before for theft and burglary offences.’
The death of Daniel Morcombe was one of the most extensively investigated crimes in Queensland's history. The case had more media coverage than Australia’s ever seen before. But still with all the attention, the case lacked evidence. In late 2003, Senior Constable Martyn and Mr King, checked the alibis of all known sex offenders in the sunshine coast. On the 21st of December they Interviewed Cowan.
Police Body Cameras, also known as Body Worn Videos, have been central in a heated debate surrounding an aggressive and increasingly militarized police force, that through misconduct and controversy has lost the trust of the American people. These body cameras have the ability to rebuild this trust by providing accountability and training to the officers as well as crucial evidence for the courts. In the summer of 2014 a young man by the name of Michael Brown was shot down while fleeing arrest in Ferguson, Mo. The police officer, Darren Wilson, would not stand trial for his actions due to conflicting testimony and a lack of evidence against him.
The Patriot Act provides the United States’ law enforcement agencies broad power in both domestic and international surveillance. This act was designed due to the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. President Bush requested this act to the United States Congress which they passed on October 26, 2001. The act was put in place quickly to stop terrorist within the United States border and be able to apprehend and prosecute the terrorist before they are able to act ("Patriot Act."). The Patriot Act was established to prevent terrorist attacks however; the Patriot Act violates the Constitution making the Act illegal.
In both readings of Plato’s “The Apology” and Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” one major principle that comes out of Thoreau’s text that Socrates would agree with is that in the face of laws by the state one should only abide if it is moral. Additionally, Thoreau believes that justice is superior to the laws enacted by the government, and the individual has the right to judge whether a given law reflects or flouts justice. Thoreau and Socrates believe that humans are moral beings and that virtue is very important. In contrast, however, even though both individuals have a lot of similarities there were some areas where Socrates’ views differed with Thoreau.
1. Ethical concern. Describe and give examples of the concern. How is it pertinent to the field of criminal justice?
For my article I chose, “Decision Making in the Crime Commission Process: Comparing Rapist, Child Molesters, and Victim-Crossover Sex Offenders” by Eric Beauregard, Benoit Leclerc, and Patrick Lussier. In traditional beliefs it suggests sex offenders are mainly driven by an uncontrollable urge to sexually offend. This article takes a looks into comparing how rapist, child molesters, and victim-crossover sex offenders make their criminal decisions. It investigated how decision-making is involved in target selection. The researchers used mixed methods along with Clarke and Cornish’s decision-making model to evaluate the offender’s actions.
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act allows U.S. intelligence agencies to acquire foreign intelligence information by monitoring foreign persons in the USA and abroad. This act ensures that intelligence agencies can respond in time to terminate a security threat. The most important part of this act, the Section 702 forbids deliberate monitoring of US citizens and their communication. Technically NSA has been violating this act ever since it has been enacted in 2008 because, as we know, they have been monitoring all US citizenry.
individual, thereby keeping other staff informed and aware of current situations within the workplace. Also it is important that the information is recorded, as it may be called upon for legal reasons. All communications are confidential, and on a “need to know”, basis. 2.1 Demonstrate how to establish the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals.
Police have faced armed white people that were threatening to shoot and the worst punishment they were given was arrest. While the criminals were yelling threats towards them, the police were trying to calm them down and get them to put down their weapons for even up to an hour long. There has been similar moments with non white people that were unarmed and causing no harm but still the police chose to shoot the offender for the slightest threat. The police need to keep everyone secure no matter what without considering a person 's ethnicity. Police are supposed to be heroes, grant us safety, and end the day with justice.
Let us break down what justice is; justice is behaviour that is just or fair. So the justice system is the system that enforces the law which involves apprehending the accused, prosecuting the accused, defending the accused, sentencing and punishing the guilty. The justice system makes sure that every citizen is heard for and is helped according to what has happened to them. The criminal justice system today When a person commits a crime there are different levels of punishment and decision making if a person has committed a minor crime like speeding, littering, shoplifting, prostitution, vandalism being drunk, possession of drugs etc.
Police brutality will be an issue until a solution is created. Many individuals are victims of this form of assault on daily basis. The liberties held by law enforcement are challenged each time they perform their duties. Police officers should abide by the same laws that each citizen is expected to abide by. Although police officers are granted with the right to determine laws as constitutional, civilians are sometimes treated in ways that are beyond unlawful.
I will be explaining through the seven elements of crime whether illegal drug use, prostitution, and gambling fit the elements (Bohm & Haley, 2011). The seven elements of the crime are harm, legality, actus reus, mens rea, causation, concurrence, and punishment. Discuss in detail whether illegal drug use, prostitution, and gambling fit the seven elements of a crime from. Include in your discussion whether these three crimes should be considered mala in se or mala prohibita.
