Wise’s statement that those at the bottom are there because of those at the top, is just not that simple. There are multiple factors to consider when looking at the obvious disparities between groups. Thomas Sowell does a great job exploring the numerous factors that can potentially come into play when trying to make sense of disparities. Within his book Race and Intellectuals, he brings up factors such as historical, geographic, and demographic evidence, along with supporting statistical evidence. He makes the point, “at various times and places, foreign minorities have predominated in particular industries or occupations over the majority of populations. Indeed, it has been a worldwide phenomenon, found even in some economically advanced