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The Slave Voyages: The History Of The Slave Voyages

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The Slave Voyages
The Atlantic Slave Trade, starting in 1650 and ending in 1807, was the massive shipment of African Americans from their homes in Africa to America where they would be sold as slaves and forced to work on Plantations. During its time there were over 36,000 voyages to the Africa and back resulting in the capture and the enslavement of over 12 million people. With so many excursion happening during this timeline, it has helped create a long list of history that historians can study to get a better understanding of what was going on during this period.

One of the many voyages that took place during the Slave voyages was is listed as Voyage 25488 starting in Charleston and traveling to the Congo River to purchase slaves and return to Charleston to have them sold. This voyage was led by Captain Caruth, who was the Captain of the Africa which was owned by William Boyd. 1William Boyd would buy the Africa for 9000 dollars in Charleston on September 1803. The ship left Charleston port and would arrive on May 29th, 1807 without being captured during on its journey. 2While they were docked in the Congo River; the crew would buy essential things for their trip back like rice, bread and beans for food and irons bars and rum to trade if they made other stops along the voyage. The Congo River would also where the slaves would be purchased, buying 320 of them to take back to Charleston to be sold. 3Along with the slaves, the clothing would also be bought for all of them
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Going on slave voyages to Africa was a dangerous occupation to perform during the time of the Atlantic slave trade considering that “nearly one crew member in four died on French slaving voyages” (Harms 80). The Diligent would lose several of its crew members during the fifteen month voyage since it was relatively common to lose crew members and even the African captives during the Atlantic slave trade. Furthermore, the journey itself was difficult to accomplish during the Atlantic slave trade because of many factors such as “increased dangers from pirates, tropical diseases, and shipboard slave revolts made it risky” (Harms 80). On their way to Whydah and Martinique, the crew of the Diligent noticed a vessel that could have potentially been a pirate ship. Pirates were such a significant threat to the crew of the Diligent, that on their way back from Martinique, the Diligent had to travel with two other ships to protect their goods from being raided and jeopardized.

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In document 3, it shows the African slave trade from 1500 through 1800. From Africa, they traded slaves to the West Indies, Jamaica, Haiti, Cartagena, Ecuador, Brazil, North America, and along the coast of Europe. Along the trade routes discussed before, they had

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The ship went across the Atlantic to the West Indies and it lasted about three to four months to get there. The Africans were basically being sold to white people for slaves. They didn’t get to take showers or get up to move their muscles or they didn’t

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2/3rds of the passage never made it to America. There were two kinds of packs: loose packs and tight packs. In loose packs, slaves were able to move, but in tight packs, there were so many slaves, the cargo

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"The Two Princes of Calabar" by Randy Sparks is a book about the transatlantic slave trade in the from the perspective of African slave traders. The atlantic slave trade began in between the 1400’s and 1500’s when West African traders sold slaves to the Portuguese; Europe was also involved with the trade as they shipped the slaves to America. One of the areas Europe would visit for buying slaves was in Old Calabar (present day southeastern Nigeria). The Calabar River ran through Old Calabar and near the river once stood 2 towns:

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The Atlantic slave trade was the biggest illegal immigration in world history,and is sometimes called the Holocaust of Enslavement because of how many innocent people were unjustly killed. The first step of this trade was the Europeans who would travel to the west coast of Africa. Once they arrived it was common that they would bribe tribes with goods and weapons, commonly guns, that were used into turning against their own and capturing their neighbors. Upon being taken against their will the enslaved were then shipped across the Atlantic ocean. During this 2-4 month period they were beaten, shoved into small barracks, and many died due to lack of sanitation.

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At the beginning of their slavery, the unfortunate Africans were thrown onto unsanitary slave ships that were so overcrowded slaves were often piled on top of one another. Europeans did not treat the slaves like humans, who deserve and need their own space, they abused them and heaped them together in unsanitary piles. The fullness of these ships is depicted in the picture of a slave ship in Document 5 that shows how the bodies were sorted together. The close proximity and the unsanitary conditions, that resulted from the neglect of slave traders, lead to disease and sickness that broke their internal body and often stole their lives. Many slave traders tried to hide a slaves sickness in order to sell them at a market.

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Millions of African men, women, and children were plucked from their homes and shipped over to the colonies in exchange for goods. As a result of the absence of humanitarian concerns, slaves during the period of Atlantic

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The navigators misdirect the Africans and sail north to the United States, where the ship is stopped by the American Navy, and the 53 living Africans imprisoned as runaway slaves.

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In Africa, men, women, and children were being kidnapped and sold. Once abducted from their home, Europeans would make their way back to the port to transport the slaves to the New World. Most of the time salves never knew where they would end up. Before Africans would be transported, each slave would be branded on the chest and this was a way to claim a slave for when they tried to escape (Hylton). Once boarded on a ship

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In fact, there are records that say African voyages were made long ago before slavery even started in America. We are led to believe that Christopher Columbus came to voyage America before Africans did but there was a voyage long before Christopher Columbus. Africans were brought to the west by Americans to cultivate things like sugar and cotton; they got this idea from Muslims who had black slaves in places like Egypt and Southern Iraq who were cultivating the same thing. The type of slavery that existed in the west was much harsher. Millions of slaves were brought to the west and about 60% of them did not survive.

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Maize also made it possible to feed legions of slaves while they gathered in coastal barracoons before being carried over the Atlantic, easing the logistical issues of the slave trade. The Europeans would bring slaves to the new world, resulting in the almost 400-year Transatlantic Slave Trade. For many centuries more than twelve million African slaves were shipped to the Americas.(Qian) In the ships they had to be in a lying position with no room to stand up or even move. Many died on the way to the New World from diseases and other things.

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To the merchants and the crew of the slave ship, it was always a condition of “profits over people” (Rediker 142). In addition, this explains why African captives would be tightly crammed in the vessel so that they could be delivered in increasingly large quantities to gain profit, as long as the captives were delivered alive. Towards the end of the book, Rediker explains that “the dramas that played out on the decks of a slave ship were made possible, one might even say structured, by the capital and power of people far from the ship” (352). Merchants were highly influential in the constitution and economics the Atlantic slave trade. They funded and supplied countless voyages to other countries.

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Only three percent of the international slave trade arrived in the new colonies. Many African was sold into slavery because their family owed a debt and they had no other means to pay for it. Sometimes an individual voluntarily enter into a service contract, so they can pay off debt. Furthermore the individual would work for a specified period then eventually gain their freedom. When the first Africans slaves came to the new colonies they operated under a similar arrangement.

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There was created a circle Europe provided Africa by manufactured goods; from Africa to America were trafficking slaves; and Europe gave raw materials from America. The slave trip across the Atlantic Ocean was called “Middle Passage“. Typically to cross Atlantic took 60-90 days but sometimes it take four months. People were suffered from hunger and diseases. A lot of people died in the way to the ship.

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