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The Smallpox Vaccine

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The European diseases had a bigger effect than their weapons. Europeans moved into North America giving Native Americans a lot of diseases dropping there population from 24,000 to 750 by 1631- the major disease being Smallpox. This loss stopped a lot of slavery in North America. This being for better or for worse. To this day though, Smallpox is the only disease to be eradicated by vaccination. The scientist behind the smallpox vaccine was named Edward Jenner. This vaccine was introduced in 1796 and it was the first successful vaccine to be developed. Edward observed that milkmaids who previously had caught cowpox did not catch smallpox and showed that inoculated vaccinia protected against inoculated variola virus. This information plus tons …show more content…

The vaccination is released through a two-pronged needle, called a bifurcated needle, which is dipped into the solution. The needle is able to prick the skin 15 times in a few seconds and is given in the top part of your right arm. After a few days a red, itchy bump will develop. In that first week as well, the bump turns in a large (disgusting) blister that fills up (bleh) with pus and drains. The second week, the blister becomes a dried up scab. Finally, the scab falls off leaving a scar and finishing the cycle of …show more content…

He was the eighth of nine children. He went to school in the Wotton-under-Edge and Cirenceste and studied Anatomy at St. Georgies Hospital in London. Jenner studied under a prominent surgeon named John Hunter. He returned back to his home town in Berkeley to set up a medical practice. Jenner 's hometown was in a community so most his patients were farmers who worked with cattle. During this time smallpox was a widespread disease and was a significant cause of death. Jenner was in a rural era so when smallpox hot Berkeley everyone who got cowpox (a disease from cattle) didn 't get smallpox. Now all Jenner needed was to test out his theory. Then a women with blister in her hand came to Dr. Jenner, he saw she had cow pox so he drew her blood and mixed it with other things to complete the vaccine. In 1998, he officially put out his findings. Edward Jenner died in

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This allowed the vaccine to be cheap to research and have a low cost. Since it was cheap to research Albert Sabin was able to create an oral polio vaccine. The oral vaccine is now used to vaccinate people in developing countries. Around the 1950s there was a polio epidemic and the cheap cost made it available to everyone, and since 1979 there have been no reported cases of polio in the United States. It should be disclosed that at the time patenting a biological agent was unheard

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This allowed for more experiments to be done which lead to the development of the polio vaccine. As stated by Neil Bhavsar, “the vaccine developed… was only possible because HeLa cells were able to survive in Vitro. The HeLa cells were easy to infect and study, and therefore provided the perfect subject” (Bhavsar). The vaccine itself was developed by a scientists of the name of Jonas Salk. The ability for the cells to be easily infected allowed for the continued development of the polio vaccine.

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Edward Jenner, an english doctor found a less risky form of variation. He learned that cowpox, a milder form of smallpox, they wouldn’t develop smallpox.

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Originally, on Tuskegee University, monkey cells were being used to measure the quantity of antibody developed in response to the poliovirus infection. However, since there were not large enough quantities of the cells, another host cell was needed, which ended up being HeLa. With the immortality of HeLa cells and its ability to be easily infected by the poliovirus, it was an amazing alternative source, from there the poliovirus vaccine was created. Before this vaccine, right around 1953, there were close to 60,000 polio cases in the United States. Destroying the results of the polio vaccination could put society in distress, and maybe even beat the amount of polio cases from

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Controlling the spread of infectious diseases through immunization is one of medicine 's most significant accomplishments. Vaccination programs are proven to be a cost-effective means of disease prevention that have saved millions from death. Medical providers play an important role in the promotion of vaccinations; they can promote vaccination by following the standards for Adult Immunization Practice which include a four-step process: ♦ Assess immunization of all patients at every clinical encounter. ♦ Strongly recommend to patients the vaccines that they need.

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The Columbian Exchange Comparative Essay In the early 15th century to the late 17th century, Europeans took the advantages of the Americas as their own improvements just like how the Americans did to the Europeans too. The interactions between Europe and America were an important factor in determining the degree of exchange between these peoples. The Columbian Exchange was a time in which germs, plants and animals, technology, and ideas were spread between the Old World and the New World called cultural diffusion.

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Sometimes the smallest things have the biggest impact. What was infinitesimal but so widespread that no part of North America was untouched by it? The devastation of Smallpox in the 1700s played a key role in the outcome of the revolutionary war and also in shaping modern medicine and in how we handle diseases. But these medical advances didn 't come without terrible sacrifice. Nearly 30% of europeans living in the Americas during the epidemic would succumb to smallpox totaling thousands.

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Smallpox inoculation was an early method of preventing smallpox by giving a patient a minor case of it, which then gave them immunity for the rest of their life. Giving a patient a minor case of smallpox was done by taking a small amount of matter from the pustules of a patient infected with smallpox and putting it into their skin. Inoculation was an earlier, less safe treatment that started before vaccination became common practice. It had pros and cons, and many people at the time were against it while others were not. Pros of inoculation include the possibility of being immune to the disease and the reduced risk of death.

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During the period of 1450 to 1750, there were a variety of social and economic transformations that were offered due to the new interaction among Western Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. All at glance, the main overview would have to be with the increase of slave trade. Socially, it changed the native population. Economically, the increasing changed the native way of living. Slave trade affected everyones environment, for they were being sent all throughout Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

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The European conquerors had built up an immunity to certain diseases that were common in Europe. Some of the diseases that decimated the Indian population included the following: smallpox, measles, influenza, typhus, and the bubonic plague. Centuries of living near livestock had basically inoculated the European settlers against these diseases. However the Indians were not used to such diseases, resulting in a dramatic decline in the Native American population. According to Diamond, smallpox was a major role in the domination of the Americas by the Europeans.

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The smallpox most definitely had one of the biggest impacts on the world. People often say that had it still been occurring it would have wiped out mankind and possibly all mammals, reptiles, amphibians and possibly most birds, and bugs. The cause of the civil war was because of an epidemic of smallpox. That was classified as the first recorded smallpox epidemic in the New World. This epidemic took place in 1518, it spread to Mexico and South

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Smallpox continued to be a problem throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, affecting populations on a large scale.” It was one of the primary annihilator’s of the native indigenous population of the Americas during the first arrivals of the Europeans who brought it with them. One notable incident which many believe led to a severe outbreak of the smallpox amongst various Indian tribes in the Ohio Valley in 1763 was the case of the British Army giving away blankets from a pox hospital with the hopes of passing the disease onto the Indians they were fighting. Gill (2004) shares purported correspondence between two British officers with the following:

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Since ancient times, Smallpox has devastated the world, killing millions of people. Often referred to as the speckled monster, the smallpox disease originated in the new world when Spanish and Portuguese conquistadors and early English settlers arrived in the Americas. Although there had been attempts to cure the disease, including variation, (that came from Asia 2,000 years ago), they all had a high risk of death. It wasn’t until 1796, when Edward Jenner, a English paleontologist came up with a new form of vaccine, it was called inoculation.

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Conjugated Vaccines were developed

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Once the child recovered from the cowpox disease, Jenner then tried to infect the child with smallpox, but the young man proved to be immune. “It seemed that this attempt at vaccination had worked. But Jenner had to work on for two more years before his discovery was considered sufficiently tested by the medical profession to permit widespread introduction.” (Alexander, 2003). Beginning in 1831 and ending in 1835, due to increasing vaccination, smallpox deaths were down to one in a thousand.

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