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Summary: Challenges Against The Third Republic

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Recommended: Two consequences of the Franco Prussian war

1) Challenges against the newly-formed Third Republic, started right after its foundation. Although overwhelming defeat against Prussia after the Franco-Prussian War in 1880-81 was the Second Empire’s fault, peace deal signed between the Third Republic and Prussia. Republic, even from its very beginning, lost significant prestige and France’s “grandeur” (greatness) in the eyes of her rivals both inside and outside. On the one hand, monarchist, which hold the majority in parliament expects the humiliation of the Republic and republicans in order to proclaim a new system and the third empire, on the other hand, Unification of the German Empire created a vital threat not just the French influence in Europe also French sovereignty itself. In addition to that, the Republic had challenges in the system itself between making reforms to implement a fully democratic order and creating a secular republic which create “état laic”. And lastly, political system in France create highly unstable governments and instable ministries which averagely lasted only for 8 months.
To erase the memories of the defeat at the Franco-Prussian war and the loss of prestige, Third Republic found the solution in overseas …show more content…

It divided the Republic into two blocs, dreyfusards and anti-dreyfusards. Main effect of this affair was that, anti-Semitism became an option for the right-wing parties to rally masses and to get support from rural areas of France. In addition to that, right-wing took key roles in the French politics after this affair. The Third Republic brought back Captain Dreyfus’s case and found him innocent. Although there were claims that it was a clergy-military conspiracy, they tried to not connect the events with military because they represent French national unity, and targeted relatively easier target: the clergy. After the affair, the Third Republic made “anti-clericalism” their most prior agenda

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The militaristic inclination of France during the late 18th and early 19th century was the culmination of the idealism of the newly adopted French political system, and the abrupt character of French people's motivation to implement these ideals. As discontent with the despotic system of government in France increased in magnitude and scale, the will to fight in order to achieve equality became gained momentum. Factors such as the rapid spread of enlightenment ideals, the socio-economic inequity of the three estate system, and leaders’ utilization of French citizens’ new sense of justice to incite warfare, all come together to create an militaristic, imperial French nation. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, enacted July of 1789, provided the foundation

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“The Fundamental Principle of a Republic” is a speech about women’s suffrage spoken by Anna Howard Shaw. This specific speech was given at the New York State equal suffrage campaign at the City Opera House in Ogdensburg, New York on June 21, 1915. Anna Howard Shaw was a well-known suffrage orator and social reformer. In addition to talking about women’s suffrage, this speech mentions how we, as a country, say we are a Republic but we really aren’t.

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The Reign of Terror did not support the ideals of the revolution. Unfortunately for French citizens, they were not able to elect tribunal members. The tribunal members, who have absolute power were “appointed by the National Convention” (Document E). French people were rejected in their own country, which is proven by the statement that “conspirators are, in its eyes, only strangers”(Document G). The original ideals were made to protect the people of France but instead they were killing

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Because the patriots posed as a threat, “forty of their number were killed” (Document D). This issue should have been dealt with differently; there is a way to stop uprisings like this other than killing people. Also, the government abolished “Sunday worship, Christmas, and Easter” (Document C). This is not fair for the French citizens who normally participate in these events. The people should be free to follow their own beliefs.

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The ‘Reign of Terror’ was not justified because the it took away the rights that the French government had achieved during French Revolution. One piece of evidence for this was that during the reign of terror the French people had no freedom of religion. A detail that supports this was the fact that during the Reign of Terror, people were not allowed to practise any religion, especially Christianity. The revolutionary government damaged churches, abolished Sunday worship, and the holidays of Christmas and Easter.

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The French people’s knowledge of their rights led them to believe that it is possible to achieve fairness and be respected in their own province. And lastly, the idea of questioning France’s government had peasants discover that their king barely even cared about their well-being and restricted them of representation.

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“Qu 'est-ce que le tiers état”/ “What Is the Third Estate” by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes was one of the French Revolution’s most momentous and prominent political texts, shaping the course of events in 1789. It is a pamphlet structured around three hypothetical questions and Sieyes responses. These questions are: What is the third estate? Everything.

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After already obtaining an uneven distribution of wealth in the nation among the three estates, the debt from the American Revolution took a toll on France’s financial stability, practically bankrupting them. Struggling from the large gap between the wealthy and the poor, it was suggested by Sieyes that the third estate, commoners (97%), were the people who made up the nation of France and that they needed to take a stand, which they did. The third estate followed Rosseau, who’s ideas were developed from Locke, on his ideas of “general will” of the nation, and that they should form a national assembly of their own since they were the nation (SMW 76). The French Revolution unfolded into three phases of constitutional monarchy, radical republicanism, and military consolidation, resulting in the issue of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, among other accomplishments. Also following the American Revolution, and the Declaration of Independence, the French used Locke’s ideas in his Second Treatise of Government as a guideline to their new constitution.

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The way it was used by the anti-Dreyfusards made it a central social factor in the Affair.5 For example, the anti-Dreyfusards were largely anti-Semitic and realised that as an ideology, it infiltrated almost every layer in French society, they thus saw a chance to rally a collective consciousness towards their cause and strengthen themselves against their Dreyfusard opposition.6 This surge of anti-Semitism also presented a foundation upon which nationalists, of whom many were anti-Dreyfusards, could create a new mass movement to the Right or demonstrate their refusal to accept the social and political values of the Republic.7 Similarly, the Affair gave anti-Semitic intellectuals like Éduoard Drumont the opportunity to thrive and consequently we see the importance of anti-Semitism on a social level. In embedding within La Libre Parole anti-Semitic ideologies, Drumont ensured a large anti-Semitic presence in the popular press. In exposing France to these feelings, people were more likely to adopt this mentality.

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