The years 500-221 BCE are known as the Warring States period in China. During these centuries, there was a great deal of political and social instability throughout China as different states jockeyed for power. This violence made life difficult for many people, and so it is not surprising that some of China’s most important philosophies arose during this time period as ways to cope with social problems. The three philosophies have very different approaches, but all seek to create order from the chaos. Confucianism emphasizes obedience to the social hierarchy, Legalism recommends that leaders enforce harsh laws, and Daoism suggests that its followers take a peaceful approach to circumstances.
Confucius (Kong Fuzi, 6th C. BCE), a traveling teacher,