Positivism And Interrelated Development In The Nineteenth Century

Classicism is a process in which to examine the idea of rational and free will. This idea was invented in the eighteenth century during the civilisation era (White et al., 2008). In nineteenth century they come with idea to introduce a criminal justice system in which everyone have the same equal right. As a result positivist criminology is establish by the idea of some scientific who have developed there interest and knowledge in crime and criminality, the basic concept was to establish on the idea how humans behaviour is determined. In nineteenth century the idea positivism and interrelated development were established. We have two types of positivism mentioned as follows (i) biological positivism (ii) psychological positivism.

Positivism

According to his suggestion he said humans are beings of free will driven by pain and pleasure. Thus, criminal acts are the product of individual needs after calculating the intended benefits against the cost of the act. Beccaria, C. d. (1764 [2], Additionally, the other important donor to classical theory, Jeremy Bentham, gave rise to the idea of 'utilitarianism ' - "the greatest good to the greatest number" (Siegel, L. 2004, White et al., 2008). By this theory, he gave examples that lawmaking must focus to please the majority of individuals in society (White et al., 2008). Furthermore a utilitarian process. This freewill element of the criminal justice system disallowed that which had predominantly been governed by religion. The idea was seen as a choice of individual decision and did not stand for the social situation and its effect on individual behaviour. Classicism suggested that criminal acts were committed by rational beings, which discourages state intervention to crime rather than being punished, that potential criminals should be made know the gravity of the offence and the consequences of their acts (by clearly defining legal boundaries), that discretion was to be prevented (judges were responsible for enforcement of the law, not construe it) and the penalty of offence for the punishments should be based on the crime and not the individual. Willan Publishing, pp.12 & Joyce, P. (2009).[3]. Classicism nevertheless, is not without its criticisms. The thought were based upon assumptions rather than scientific prove , and the way in which it operated overruled discretion in incidences that were not in line (perhaps driven by self-preservation or morals) and there was an importance placed upon the individual altitude, snubbing the social situation and the mental challenges of particular