However, J. Barry and O. Davies argues against Barstow’s perspective and theory, that “To translate this as ‘witches’, as Montague Summers regularly does, is therefore to give the reader a false impression, because the English word ‘witch’ immediately suggests a woman.” Therefore, from Barry and Davies’ argument, it could be deduced that although misogyny could be seen throughout the ‘Malleus Maleficarum’, the intention of the book being persecution of women cannot be confirmed to be true. This detracts from Barstow’s argument as there are not much supporting evidence for her perspective that the publication of the ‘Malleus Maleficarum’ had a significant impact on starting and increasing the scale of witch-hunting in Europe, as well as specifying that these witches were all women, and therefore makes her argument rather
Garthine Walker is an established scholar who specialises in Early Modern social and cultural history who has published numerous pieces of work, particularly on gender and crime in early modern England. In this book Walker challenges the existing historiography of crime in Early Modern England. Previous research into the topic has been conducted quantitatively creating the perception that women were a minority, in comparison to data on male criminality, and therefore were discounted as an anomaly. Walker challenges this previous impression by using qualitative analysis as well as quantitative analysis on the exceptional court records of Cheshire available. She argues that previous research by historians doesn’t examine in enough detail what
Mary Fairfax was born on 28th December 1780, in a Mansion on the Scottish Borders. In a time when women were not considered full citizens- with no right to vote, and a minimal education provided only to the ladies of the elite, Mary Fairfax broke all boundaries to prove to society that gender and brilliance are not mutually excusive. Her story is one of courage and determination. Having read through her biography, I was convinced that she was a fascinating human being. In this essay I will focus on the socio-cultural context of her accomplishments, particularly due to her gender.
In her essay Adeline Mowbray: Diverting the Libertine Gaze Roxanne Eberle also confirms that the novel is inspired on Wollstonecraft and Godwin’s relationship, but she goes a little further and suggests that more than a replica of the two “Jacobin” philosophers ‘lives the novel is a counteraction to Godwin’s Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. As an early admirer of Mary Wollstonecraft Opie could not accept the abhorrent position in which the Memoirs had placed her, so she wrote a novel that “examines the confusion which ensues when a women’s philosophical beliefs conflict with society’s notion about female sexuality”(1994: 123), and how that transgressive women is converted into a sexual object by a conservative society. For Patricia Mathew, more than a critique to Godwin’s concepts, the novel exhibits the impracticalities of those theories when applied to women in the late eighteenth century. Her analysis unfolds around the idea that Adeline Mowbray “takes its central theme from Wollstonecraft’s experiment in marriage with Godwin”(2007: 390) and arguments that Opie sets the basis for her fiction by using Wollstonecraft’s
Charlie Presti HST-201-02 28 October 2016 Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson was vocal about what she believed in, and no one or thing was going to stop her. “A Radically Different Voice: Gender and Language in the Trials of Anne Hutchinson”, captures the struggles and conflict of Anne Hutchinson in the 1630’s. This article was written by Lad Tobin who focuses on gender differences and roles and how language was used and interpreted between men and women (1). An analysis of Anne Hutchinson 's trials over expressing her opinion and beliefs to the most powerful ministers starts making people think twice about their role as a male or female and how their language is communicated to a listener.
Gender roles played a heavy role in colonial society, and the women who did not conform to these roles were easy targets for witchcraft accusations. Women who were post-menopausal, widowed, unmarried were not fulling their “duty” to society of bearing children and thus could come under fire (Lecture.) Those who were aggressive, out spoken, or did not do as another wished could also bring cries of “witch!” (Lecture.) This is highlighted in Cotton Mather’s Accounts of the Salem Witchcraft Trials, one of these accused women Susana Martin stands trial with many of the testifiers being men who had been wronged by Martin in some way or another.
The chapters on colonialism could be determined as superficial, this could be because Wiesner-Hanks provides too much information which lessens the impact of how inclusive the analysis is, in connection with this the depth in which she examines the patterns of life within the colonies could be considered by some readers as not adequate; as she shows disregard for other religious viewpoints outside of Christianity such as Islam and Hinduism. However, these criticisms aside, Wiesner-Hanks book paints a detailed and layered portrait of Christianity in terms of regulation and reformation. True, it would be nice had Merry Wiesner-Hanks been able to dedicated more time to the discussion of wider religious teachings outside of Christianity, and it could be suggested that her teaching may be more crucial if it covered a smaller topic area in more detail, instead of a vast topic area in lesser detail. However, this is broadly convincing study, which gives Wiesner-Hanks portrayal of Christianity and Sexuality in the Early Modern World richness in terms of her dedication to a contextual study. Wiesner-Hank’s book ends at the start of what scholar’s phrase ‘modern sexuality’, and within this she stresses the importance of centralising sex within religion, as the formation of these boundaries is still an issue which occurs in the modern world as well – these norms are
There was a pile there already. New suits, old ones, torn overcoats, rags. For us it meant true equality: nakedness. We trembled in the cold.”. He recalled how the strong men were taken to burn the bodies of their fathers and the rest were sent to be shaved, “He told us that having been chosen because of his strength, he had been forced to place his own father’s body into the furnace.)”
In the Wife of Bath’s, she broke all the stereotypes Medieval society thought a wife is. She tells the people that being married intercourse is part of marriage and God has made privates parts to make generations, not to waste in doing nothing. Being categorized or stereotyped in Medieval society was hard for married women in the Medieval era because often they were portrayed as disloyal, uncontrolled sexual beasts because of the lack of marriage
“Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper” This repetition exposed that as a woman in thet Elizabethan era must conform to her gender’s expectations, obliging to anything that men do, as she as a woman does not have the right to be in charge of herself and must need a man to guide her as a woman couldn’t do it
“If you think you can, you can. If you think you can’t you’re right.” Ever since I was young, that remained one of my father’s favorite quotes to say, if it be a disagreement with a friend, or working on long division problem. While growing up, knowing that my siblings had not done quite well in school, and that was one of my biggest incentives to do well. I had grown up on one of the worst sides of town, living in an apartment complex with one of the worst reputations, living off the checks my father brought in from his back disability, and food stamps.
Throughout history the existence of patriarchy has threatened women’s rights to equality and self-determination. Patriarchy manifested itself in the marriage practices of early modern European society and became the foundation on which couples built their love and partnership. During the sixteenth century, literature describing ideal wives and husbands was a popular genre, but works about female gender roles were more prevalent. The Bride, a poem published by Samuel Rowland’s in 1617 details the duties of a good wife and life partner.1 The duties listed in Rowland’s poem were very common for women at that time and can also be seen in Steven Ozment’s book, Magdalena and Balthasar. Ozment’s book documents the relationship of Nuremberg Merchant Balthasar Paumgartner and
Women of the Medieval Times Women have always had a significant role in history even though they were treated horrible in most cases. During the Medieval Times was really the first time women were allowed to become more than just a house wife. The fight for equality has always been a struggle and even in today’s society is still an ongoing battle. Although women of lower and middle class were treated poorly in the Medieval Times, some powerful women held great responsibility and were looked up too by both men and children; despite being admired, “men were thought to be not only physically stronger but more emotionally stable, more intelligent, and morally less feeble” (Hopkins 5). “The position of women in the Medieval Society was greatly influenced by the views of the Roman Catholic Church” (Heeve).
In 1641, a law stated that women found guilty of adultery were punished by death, men would receive only a whipping for the same crime (Vann 1). It was viewed as a greater harm to society if a woman was to birth an illegitimate child for the action was viewed as a greater moral offense. Girls were required to preserve their virginity until marriage. Afterwards, “it was considered a husband’s duty to ensure his wife’s fidelity by preventing all situations that could awaken her sensuality” (Brabcová 3). Women were not to have sex or have children but as soon as they were married it was expected for them to bear children for the family.
Buvanasvari A/P Palakrisnan AEK140003 ACEA 1116 Elements of English Literature Dr. Nicholas Pagan Paper #3 From “Marriage” By Marianne Moore This institution, perhaps one should say enterprise out of respect for which one says one need not change one’s mind about a thing one has believed in, requiring public promises of one’s intention to fulfill a private obligation: I wonder what Adam and Eve think of it by this time, this firegilt steel alive with goldenness; how bright it shows— “of circular traditions and impostures, committing many spoils,” requiring all one’s criminal ingenuity to avoid!
