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Turn Of The 21st Century: Political Marxism

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Political Marxism At the turn of the 21st century, China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam remained the only officially Marxist–Leninist states remaining, although a Maoist government led by Prachanda was elected into power in Nepal in 2008 following a long guerrilla struggle. The early 21st century also saw the election of socialist and anti-imperialist governments in several Latin American nations, in what has come to be known as the "Pink tide". Dominated by the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chávez, this trend also saw the election of Evo Morales in Bolivia, Rafael Correa in Ecuador and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua; forging political and economic alliances through international organisations like the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, these …show more content…

The relationship between Marx and other socialist thinkers and organizations—rooted in Marxism's "scientific" and anti-utopian socialism, among other factors—has divided Marxists from other socialists since Marx's life. After Marx's death, and with the emergence of Marxism, there have additionally been dissensions within Marxism itself—the splitting of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks is a notable example. Anarchist and libertarian critiques Anarchism has had a strained relationship with Marxism since Marx's life. Anarchists and libertarian socialists reject the need for a transitory state phase, claiming that socialism can only be established through decentralized, non-coercive organization. Individualist anarchists, who are often neither socialists nor capitalists, reject Marxism as a statist ideology. Anarchist Mikhail Bakunin criticized Marx for his authoritarian bent. The phrase "barracks socialism" became a shorthand for this critique, evoking the image of citizens' lives being as regimented as the lives of conscripts in a barracks. Economic

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Although the socialist and the anarchist had their disagreement, they could still work together and become allies, as they both fight for labor’s rights. Ultimately, both groups have the same goal that they want to achieve, so if they can put aside their differences, they can be a powerful force and might be able to successfully advocate for the changes they wanted. It might be a difficult task to erase the dividing line between the two, but it is certainly possible to accomplish. They can come to an agreement that both sides will work hard and focus on the greater good of the working class. They can save the state power issue for later.

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In "Anarchism: What It Really Stands For," Goldman points out the myth of anarchism. Anarchism is impractical, and it stands for violence and destruction, so it must be rejected as dangerous. Anarchists believe that the state is unnecessary because order and social harmony can arise naturally and spontaneously. They also view the state as evil because it goes against the principles of freedom and inequality. On the other hand, anarchists do not believe in laws because human knows what is good and bad and how to act appropriately in the society.

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“Socialism” and “communism” was introduced into America’s political lingo when the reformers tried to own useful property together as a community instead of private individuals. Several Utopian societies attempted to change traditional gender roles and

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Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is based on a utopian society with unique social, psychological, political, and cultural features. The novel hinges on the idea of an all-powerful state that controls almost all aspects of life and makes citizens ignorant problems occurring in their society. Bernard Marx is an Alpha male who fails to fit in the structure created by the World Controllers of his society due to his inferior capabilities. His discontent in society leads him to hold unorthodox ideas about many aspects of life and shapes him as an individual. Through Bernard’s exposure to John the Savage and his heightened need for social acceptance, Bernard Marx is shaped from an admirable character who yearns for more out of life than given in his

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Reform or Revolution: Two Sides of the Civil Rights Coin The most famous mass movement in the history of the United States would certainly be the Civil Rights Movement. During the period of its highest activity, many different groups fought for racial equality. The movement started in relative unity, yet it splintered into different factions, which all different tactics in reaching the goal of equality. Bolstered by disillusionment with the nonviolent and gradualist tactics of mainstream civil rights organizations, groups such as the Black Panthers combined Marxism and Black nationalism to fight aggressively for the civil rights of African-Americans.

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V For Vendetta Analysis Through Marxist Lense V for Vendetta is a political dystopian thriller film based on a 1988 novel written by Alan Moore and David Lloyd of the same name. The movie is about an anarchist freedom fighter only known as V, who attempts to spark a revolution through violence, that set in United Kingdom that was led under a totalitarian neo-fascism government. Through a marxist lense, the ideology held by V is a powerful tool and is considered as one of the most greatest factor that contributed to the revolution in the fim. Towards the ending of the film, Peter Creedy, the Head of Britain’s secret police continues to shoot V until his gun ran out of bullets. Creedy, in fear, asked V who seemed to not be affected by the gunshots,

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A historian once wrote that the 19th century was “a time of bitter conflict, as the world of the past fought to remain alive.” During the 19th century, there was an emergence of the political ideologies: liberalism, conservatism, and socialism. Liberalism sought to limit the government, preserve individual freedom and believed in the hierarchy of merit. Conservatism attempted to preserve the existing order and believed in tradition over reason. Socialists believed in strengthening parliaments and the working class to bolster laborers.

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This is primarily related to the views of Marx when it comes to the progression of a country to socialism. Marx believes that a transition through a fully developed capitalist state has to occur before the rise of socialism is witnessed. Lenin believed in the faster approach, and fought to have a straight jump to a socialist state, rather than pass through

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He argues that with all the pressures of class conflict and the imbalance of capitalism there is no way that this pattern can continue without a major revolution. Marx compares capitalism to anarchy, in the sense that there is no organization within which only causes chaos. The common pattern of capitalism is a boom followed by a bust, and that bust leads to recession and social unrest. This sort of fickle economy, Marx believes, will furthermore contribute to the downfall of capitalism. This socialist revolution would, “abolish private ownership of key elements of economy and change nature of relationships from ones based on marriage and property.”

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Marxism is the idea of social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes. Social processes are the way individuals and groups interact, adjust and reject and start relationships based on behavior which is modified through social interactions. Overall marxism analyzes how societies progress and how and society ceases to progress, or regress because of their local or regional economy , or global economy. In this case, Marxism’s theory applies to the novel, Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, where a society where mass satisfaction is the instrument utilized by places of power known as the Alphas in order to control the oppressed by keeping the Epsilons numb, at the cost of their opportunity to choose their own way of life. Marx thinks that an individual had a specific job to do in order to contribute to their community and that is the only way to do so; There is no escaping your contribution either.

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These socialists want to bring back the old definition of exchange and reproduction. The second division was the bourgeois and conservative socialists. They are the opposite and want the existence of the bourgeois society to continue. They believe that power needs to be in order for the best society to exist and that only economical changes will benefit the proletarians. The last division mentioned was the Critical Utopian Socialism and

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Holland Arrowsmith explains Marxism as a term which refers to “a hugely diverse set of social, economic, philosophical, historical and cultural theories”. Several theories such as social, economical, political and critical theories have been derived from Marxism philosophy. Marxism advocates equality amongst the class structure of society. Marxism is divided into two fundamental classes. According to Marx there are only two classes which exist: Bourgeoisie, which means powerful or dominant class and Proletariat, which means the peasant or working classes.

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Brad Conley Prof. Greg Young IAFS 1000-1004 Though the international system today shares many aspects of realism, neoliberalism, constructivism, and marxism, neoliberalism is the predominant principles under which the international system operates. With the formation of several influential international governmental organizations (IGOs), the world has become a much safer place. Though neoliberal ideas draw from realism in the fact that the international system is in anarchy, neoliberalism dictates that the world is in a form of structured anarchy, perpetuated by the IGOs that governments partake in. By strengthening webs of interdependence, countries find the ability to interact amicably, and build up reliance upon one another. As countries

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A Marxist sociologist is a materialist and a sociologist that follows the ideas of Marx. Marx’s main concern was that of capitalism and class conflict. In the words of Giddens and Sutton (2013), capitalism is ‘a system of production that contrasts radically with all previous economic systems.’ It was Marx’s belief that all societies, including capitalist societies, are divided into classes, with one being the dominant class. In the case of capitalism, there are two main classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

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In the Communist manifesto, a well known quote of Marx, “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” This is introductory to the first part of the pamphlet and a conclusion to Marx’s theory about class struggle. Marx’s highly structured on how the class struggle emerges and affects the development of a society. The development of a society from the old and from the new is the result of the conflict of classes in the society.

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