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Unilineal Evolution: Linear Progression

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Unilineal Evolution is the theory that societies evolve in a linear progression. At the beginning of the line of progression you have the least progressed societies or “savage” societies. At the mid-point of this line there are the “barbarian” societies and at the end of it is the “civilized” societies. There really are no strengths in Unilineal Evolution. All the information is based on the bias that undeveloped societies are less intelligent which is overall a racist
Diffusionism is the theory that societal change happens when societies borrow cultural traits. To explain why some societies lose some cultural traits, it is said these societies degenerate. So underdeveloped cultures forget what they learned that would push them into the civilized
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Society needs people to make it. However, something in turn, has to make society. Culture turns people into societies. It puts its people up to certain standards, which are honorable to meet; and gives people their idea of right and wrong. In his book The Lord of the Flies, William Golding cleverly shows us what would happen without culture.

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The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution” (Natural). This is the reason that some cultures die out. Many of the cultures today only exist because of natural selection. Cultures should be allowed to die out because they provide useful information for future cultures on what should not happen. Past cultures lay the framework for our current cultures, as well as cultures that will be formed in the future.

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McNeill critiques Diamond’s book for centering on biological and environmental factors, while ignoring other important aspects of the world’s civilizations development. McNeill writes that, “…vast differences in the wealth and power that different human societies have at their command today reflect what long chains of ancestors did, and did not, do by way of accepting and rejecting new ways of thought and action, most of which were in no way dictated by…environmental factors” (McNeill 3-4). McNeill believes that Diamond misses aspects of why societies are the way they are, specifically how culture has effected development. According to McNeill, there may have been a time when access to food and the environment limited human capacity, but as time went on humans were able to start shaping the environment around them, thus having less influence on the development of civilizations (McNeill 5). Another main point of criticism is how Diamond belittles religion’s effects on civilizations’ development.

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While, many people evolved and changed for the better the big outburst of pride and cultural during the

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