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Economic inequality in the united states essay
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Many economists argue about the exact nature of the relationship of social mobility in the context of the modern economy. One such economist, Paul Krugman, negatively comments in his essay “The Death of Horatio Alger” on the decreasing social mobility among low-wage citizens in the United States. He claims that the American dream of advancement opportunities will diminish as the wealthy aim to prevent others from rising above them in the business world. Moreover, he labels America’s unequal society as a rigid “caste system” and opposes those who ignore the system’s lack of fairness to the lower class (134). Although Krugman strongly criticizes the inflexibility of economic mobility, his informal tone, biased perspective, and unjustifiable approach make his argument not only ineffective but also offensive.
Social mobility is within the grasp of each person so long as they earnestly invest themselves. There exists, however, a dissonance between the achievement ideology and reality as discussed in Jay Macleod’s Ain’t No Makin’ It. In his book, Macleod perfors a longitudinal study over a group of young black men, the Brothers, living in the projects of Clarendon Heights and reveals the insidious social factors that
The American dream is a dream of a land in which one can prosper with ambition and hard work. This idea has created many illusions for some because in reality the American dream is proven to be something that is rarely achieved. No individual is guaranteed success or destined for failure, but it is apparent that women, people of color, and those born into poverty will face greater obstacles than others, despite being a greater part of the American population. An author that tackles the issue of class in the United States is Gregory Mantsios. In his essay, “Class in America-2009”, Mantsios aims to prove that class affects people’s lives in drastic ways.
In James W. Loewen’s “The Land of Opportunity,” he states that social class affects the way children are raised. He discusses the inequality in today’s society and how the textbooks in high school do not give any social class information. The students in today’s time are not taught everything they should be taught. He states that your family’s wealth is what makes up your future. Loewen discusses that people with more money can study for the SATs more productively and get a better score than someone who has less money.
Myrtle Wilson shows that the American dream of changing social class cannot be achieved by cheating the social ladder through the use of associating oneself with a higher up person. First is that Myrtle, unlike Tom and daisy, was never born into great wealth or fortune. Instead she was born into the middle class world of blue collar workers and visions of getting ahead in life. In the story, it is shown that Myrtle lives in the valley of ashes which Nick describes as “a desolate area of land” (p.21) as well as a “solem dumping ground” (p. 21). Because Myrtle has never achieved a high social status, she does not know quite how to reach it.
Author Robert McKinnon in his work, “Moving Up: The Truth about Getting Ahead in America” has discussed factors that affect our chances of achieving the American Dream. In the article, "Moving Up: The Truth about Getting Ahead in America" Robert McKinnon argues that “it is easier to stay at the top then it is to rise from the bottom.” Throughout the article McKinnon illustrates the three most important factors when it comes to moving up in the social class to achieve the American Dream this includes: mobility, hard work, and the fate of our birth. Although McKinnon proved all these factors to be vital when it comes to living the American Dream, I believe that hard work is the most important when it comes to achieving the American Dream.
William Domhoff’s investigation into America’s ruling class is an eye-opening and poignant reading experience, even for individuals enlightened on the intricacies of the US social class system. His book, Who Rules America, explains the fundamental failures in America’s governing bodies to provide adequate resources for class mobility and shared power amongst classes. He identifies history, corporate and social hierarchies, money-driven politics, a two-party system, and a policy-making process orchestrated by American elites as several causes leading to an ultimate effect of class-domination theory pervading American society. In articulating his thesis and supporting assertions, Domhoff appeals rhetorically toward an audience with prior knowledge
As a prominent black sociologist who grew up in a hyperghetto himself, Melvin Oliver explains that, “ 'Income feeds your stomach,’…‘But assets change your head’” (Starkman 31). People of Oliver’s background, are mentored by their environment and begin to doubt what they consider possible, including the American Dream. Trends Magazine observed this case in their article, “The Battered American Dream,” mentioning that “…a large percentage of Americans will continue to believe that they do not have the same access to the American Dream…and valuable skills to live well” (“Battered” 8). Even if opportunities are available, if they are not sufficient enough and people stop believing, they might as well not exist.
There is lower, middle, and upper class, but there are also subcategories that fill the gaps in between, like the impoverished and the top one percenters. “Class in America”, written by Gregory Mantsios, addresses the myths and realities about socioeconomic class in America and how they affect American lives. His article highlights the unequal divide that has persisted over the course of history and will continue to manifest in the future. To introduce the existence of this issue, Mantsios states that this country’s citizens “don’t like to talk about class...or class privileges, or class oppression, or the class nature of society” (Mantsios 378). This is the case in America today because people are neglecting to acknowledge the existence of these elusive
Within social mobility, many people fail to have a sense of the realization of the American Dream because of the fewer advantages and more problems minorities have to struggle through. Therefore, our social class affects our ability to realize the American Dream because we face challenges to make ends meet, intersectionality and education because of high status.
America prides itself on being one of the most effective democratically governed counties. The idea of the American dream is that all people have equivalent political freedoms and a responsive government. However the effectiveness of social equality is being threatened by increasing inequality in the United States. Economic inequality in the US has expanded drastically. The wealth gap has had drastic changes over the past 35 years.
The remaining amount is considered the lower class, which is often deemed the hardest to move up from. Despite America’s fondness for the idea of the “American Dream”, social mobility can be incredibly difficult to achieve for a large majority of people. In this essay, I will further discuss the pros and cons of America's social classes though the ways the middle and upper classes
America is the land of opportunity with many different career choices and educational experiences for anyone despite their different social classes. Although defined by social classes, I believe people can choose to progress from the social class they are born into. In order to fulfill the “American Dream,” someone must work hard, have courage, and determination, then they can prosper and achieve success. Stated simply, Ben Carson said, “Through hard work, perseverance and a faith in God, you can live your dreams.” No matter what social class a person comes from, they can overcome any obstacle in their lives as long as they set their mind to
Many strive to attain social mobility, but this effort is often in vain. A large demographic straining to attain the unattainable means hard-work and effort wastes away. This effort could be directed toward self-betterment and economic improvement, but instead it is directed toward an unrealistic dream. Social mobility diverts efforts away from the possibility of success solely to
The dynamics of social mobility can be explained by classifying it in terms of the differing types of factors that may contribute towards a change. Economic conditions explains the social status of an individual in terms of intergenerational mobility and intra-generational mobility, if an individual is better or worst social status than his or her earlier generations than it would be inter-generational social mobility, if the individual 's socio-economic condition changes within the same generation over time it will be intra-generational. Conventional wisdom suggests that there are very less barriers in the United States for upward social mobility as compared to other developed nations. There are numerous examples of immigrants who moved to the United States with very little knowledge of the language and money, but through hard work they climbed up the social
