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Utilitarianism Friedman

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Friedman (2000) offers a view that dismisses other alternatives by legitimising and promoting free-market capitalism as being the most efficient in generating incomes. Because socialism and communism fails, he argues there is only “one road” left to follow (Freidman, 2000,p.104) and when a country realises this, it will put on the “golden straitjacket”. Even though Friedman recognises that this straitjacket might not fit everyone as it “pinches certain groups, squeezes others” (Friedman, 2000, p. 105), he still argues that it would be ignorant to resist these forces. The miracle in East Asia and in Chile is a clear example that benefitted from this model, as it generated high GDP and growth. Wade (2010) follows in similar analyses …show more content…

Wade, much like Friedman can be critiqued for viewing neoliberalism as an inevitable “one way road” that all countries eventually will adapt to. The danger in this claim is that it will form resistance to other alternatives like cooperative and sociality market economies and can create a fear of state intervention and …show more content…

However, the success stories of East Asia often involved state-owned enterprises, subsidies and high tariffs in China for example (Chang, 2008). This suggests that other non-neoliberal policies are embedded and part of these success stories and thus the orthodox analyses do not provide for the complexity of the reality. Furthermore, Latin America after applying neo-liberal policies has been growing at a rate of less than one third and Africa has experienced a fall in the living standard (Chang, 2008). This suggests that the model does not always promise success everywhere. The argument that a country must first generate overall wealth before distributing it properly doesn’t hold as income inequality within/between countries has increased due to neoliberal policies according to Hoffman

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During the 20th century numerous communist countries such as the Soviet Union experienced a periods of despondency because of their crumbling economies and citizen’s diminished quality of life. Meanwhile the capitalist countries, such as America, were in a time of great opportunity; this was due to a fairly stable economy, fueled by a successful exportation market. The standards of living increased along with developments in

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Development Economist Irma Adelman announced this quarter as the “golden age of economic development” for all the nations that structured its economic system on capitalist principles. During this “golden age”, these nations did not experience any major unemployment concerns. Furthermore, the income and wealth of these nations grew at a more increasing rate than they ever experienced. There was also a reduction in the existing inequalities, and almost all population of these nations experienced considerable developments in their standards of living.

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Harvey 2005; Peck 2008; Springer 2010). Combined with an all encompassing commitment to extend the free market into virtually every aspect of life; neoliberalism is characterized by market deregulation, the redistribution of social service provision, and regressive tax policies that significantly enhance the power of elites and expand inequality (Harvey 2005). As a doctrine, neoliberalists "argue for the desirability of a society organized around self-regulating markets, and free, to the extent possible, from social and political intervention" (Glassman 2009: 497). As a policy neoliberalism often differs from its theory and the implementation of neoliberal policy is uneven (ibid).

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Freidman believed economic freedom to be an essential need in securing political freedom. Any manipulation on a person’s economic freedom such as a tax for social security takes away from a person’s total freedom. To provide total freedom to the people coercion must not exist (Friedman, 1975). It is economic power that can balance political power. When the market is left alone under the invisible hand it balances out both what the seller and consumer desire.

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Utilitarianism is the moral theory that the action that people should take it the one that provides the greatest utility. In this paper I intend to argue that utilitarianism is generally untenable because act and rule utilitarianism both have objections that prove they cannot fully provide the sure answer on how to make moral decisions and what will be the ultimate outcome. I intend to do this by defining the argument for act and rule utilitarianism, giving an example, presenting the objections to act and rule utilitarianism and proving that utilitarianism is untenable. Both act and rule utilitarianism attempt to argue that what is right or wrong can be proven by what morally increases the well being of people. Act utilitarianism argues that

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Neoliberalism and its implementation has had a major economic and cultural impact on countries in South America of which Chile being the most prominent example. From the beginning, neoliberalism was a project that was to restore the class power where the economic elites are in control. The theoretical utopianism of the neoliberal argument was primarily used as a method to justify the actions of General Augusto Pinochet’s militant rule where basic human rights were continuously violated. The basis of neoliberalism was deregulation and privatization of various sectors in a free market economy, however the consequences of these policies caused for many years of human rights violations under the rule of General Pinochet. The memories and the historical

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Abstract The economy is very skewered and is not equal in any meaning. The poor stay poor and the rich stay rich. The poor die off faster and the rich live longer. The poor get little to no education and the rich get the best education possible.

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Exactly, you would want your child to be saved as well. That 's one of the major flaws I see in utilitarianism. The rule of utilitarianism is that the decision that brings the most happiness should be made. I 'm not saying the disabled child wouldn 't bring any happiness, I 'm saying in this case the neighbor 's four kids would bring more happiness to society rather than the disabled one. The act of utilitarianism is a cruel system, but if one wants to incorporate into society then they should incorporate it completely rather than

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The Republican Theory Thus far we have been uncovering different views and perspectives of the universe within the sociological studies. These have included the Utilitarian Theory and the Liberal Theory of Justice. Now our readings have taken us beyond these theories, and has introduced us to an entire new principle, The Republican Theory. Although the theory itself has the same name as a political party within the United States, it should not be confused with the same beliefs of those in the Republican party.

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Among our closest counterparts are Russia with its oligarchs and Iran. While many of the old centers of inequality in Latin America, such as Brazil, have been striving in recent years, rather successfully, to improve the plight of the poor and reduce gaps in income, America has allowed inequality to grow.” (Stiglitz 2011) Inequality doesn’t give anyone an equal

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When discussing both act and rule utilitarianism, it is important to understand that both of them agree in terms of the overall consequence of an action, because they emphasize on creating the most beneficial pleasure and happiness in the outcome of an act. Despite this fact, they both have different principles and rules that make them different from each other. Act utilitarianism concentrates on the acts of individuals. Meaning that if a person commits an action, he/she must at least have a positive utility. The founders of utilitarianism define positive utility as happiness and pleasure and consider it to be a driving force of all positive and morally right acts.

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Brave new world - Essay I look at this from a utilitarian perspective were the moral thing is to do the most good for the most amount of people. The individual, while important in any sense, is only relevant in terms of the community as a whole. It is very similar to the question of individual versus collective happiness. The happiness of the most amount of people is better than letting the individual decide for oneself.

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Distributional concerns could be taken care of in the political process; more moderate advocates of Washington consensus policies deny the charge. The policies pursued by the international financial institutions which came to be called the Washington consensus policies or neo liberalism entailed a much more circumscribed role for the state than were embraced by most of the East Asian countries, a set of policies which came to be called the development state. Some economists have argued that free trade is not necessarily the best option for developing economies. It can cause the economies to primarily only produce low income growth and their primary products. If the countries promotes new industries, it may require both selective tariffs on cheap imports and as well as government

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Suppose a conductor is driving his train and the breaks are defect. The rails lead directly into a cluster of five people who would all die if the train will go this direction. However, the conductor can change onto another track where only one person is standing hence only one person would die. How should the conductor react (Hare, 1964)? Is it possible to condense the problem to a rather simple maximization problem in example that the action is taken, which would kill the least people?

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As per the reading suggested by the instructor about the philosophical idea of Consequentialism (Utilitarianism) given by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill and the other concept which is given by Immanuel Kant in the critics of Utilitarianism theory which is called Deontological Ethics. The reading given made understand about all these two concept and their possible application in the policy or law making like the universal law. Utilitarianism:- this is the concept used by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and the John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). The core idea of this theory is the results comes from the action taken by the group of people or the individual. According to theory the outcomes will be judged weather the action was morally right or wrong.

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