Hindsight bias- the likelihood that a person claims an event to be predictable after the event occurred Critical thinking- the thought process that uses different skills, patterns, and strategies in order to form a judgement Theory- an idea that is not proven but that is believed to be true Hypothesis- a statement that controls an experiment that demonstrates the relationship between things Operational definition- describes the actions or operations that will be used to measure or control a variable, in a study Replication- redoing a study in order to ensure that the findings of the previous study are correct Case study- a detailed examination of an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, and actions Naturalistic observation- observing an individual or a group in their natural environment, …show more content…
Name and describe three experiments that violated ethical guidelines. What guideline did they violate? Milgram: The Milgram experiment was an experiment that tested an individual's willingness the follow the instructions of an authority figure. Subjects were told to shock a person who they believed to also be a subject if they answered a question wrong. The people getting shocked were actors and were not actually receiving electrical shocks. Many of the subjects continued to give high voltage shocks because they were told to. This experiment was viewed as unethical because of the emotional stress it put on the subjects. Stanford Prison: The Stanford Prison Experiment was an experiment conducted at Stanford University where a mock prison was set up. Normal healthy men were split into groups of the guards and the prisoners. The two different groups conformed to their role very quickly, which resulted in physical and verbal abuse by the guards and a sense of weakness in the prisoners. This experiment was unethical because it led to lasting emotional trauma in many of the prisoners. Also Zimbaro, the leader of the experiment, found it impossible to stay neutral during the