Kant’s Categorical Imperative of Universal Laws and Humanity People have an intrinsic worth and value above mere things or possessions. In order for people to cohabitate peacefully and respectively, there is a need for universal laws based on good will and absolute moral beliefs. It is this moral belief which is based on reason and that should be uniformly abided by that enables humanity to function as an amicable society. This is achieved by treating ourselves as well as others with respect and dignity. Immanuel Kant’s theory known as the categorical imperative expressed an absolute belief in universal moral laws that enables humanity to be treated well.
Categorical Imperative and Universal Laws
It should be considered that universal
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One person is not above another as a community of equals. Kant believed, “Act so that you treat humanity, whether your own person or in that of another always as an end and never as a means only.” (qtd Rachels EMP 139) To paraphrase, treat our self and others well and with respect. Do not use people to meet an objective by deceptive means. Treat our self and others as an end and with consideration, but never as a means to an end only. In other words, do not lie in order to get a head or to meet an objective. If it is mutually agreeable to use someone as an end, such as contracting ones services in exchange for compensation, this is not using someone as a means to an end only. It is a contract between two individuals that is forthright and agreeable to both parties. Two rational parties that are capable of moral behavior.
Kant’s Exclusive Morality
For Kant, morality is exclusive to humanity. While people cannot be used as a means to an end only, non-human animals are possessions and can be used as a means to an end or for the benefit of humanity. While Kant disapproved of cruelty to animals, it is not out of concern for the animal, but because it could corrupt the individual when dealing with other people. (Rachels EMP 137) Those who treat other people poorly and with disregard are deserving of the same treatment. It is an eye for an eye mentality.
Kant Universal Law and Retribution
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(Rachels EMP 146) This seems to contradict the universal law of morality as society would not want a law that provides treating others poorly as acceptable moral behavior. That being said, Kant believed in retribution for those who broke the law and would harm others. Those individuals deserve punishment in proportion to their crimes including capital punishment for the severest of crimes. According to Rachels, “The traditional answer is that punishment is justified as a way of “paying back” the offender for his wicked deed.” (qtd Rachels EMP 140) Obviously, people who commit heinous crimes deserve to be punished and society deserves justice and protection. However, it can be said that justice is not served by taking the life of the perpetrator. It can also be said that there is more retribution in a criminal living out a life sentence in incarceration as each day of their life they pay for their