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What Was The Three Tiers Of Institutions That Regulated Hollywood Creating A System Of Vete?

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Elsa Rochelson 24S Film TV 6A Professor Roya Rastegar Ben Li Section 1C PROMPT 2: CINEMA CENSORSHIP & CIVIL RIGHTS 1. There were three tiers of institutions that regulated cinema, creating an ultimate "system of vetting." What are the three tiers of "vetting" that Ellen Scott outlines? What was the Hays Code, why and when was it established, and what was its role? The three tiers of institutions regulating cinema, creating a “system of vetting” were industry self-censorship, state and local censorship boards, and pressure groups. Industry self-censorship created a moral guideline for the industry to follow. Hays Code is a state and local censorship board that censors films, basing their decisions on set guides and legal rules. Pressure groups …show more content…

Due to the code, movies have to be approved beforehand. The Hays code heavily influenced the way movies portrayed different issues, as censoring film could heavily change what was portrayed. The Hays code prohibited many things in Hollywood films, including violence, nudity, perversion, and more. The Hays code is also known as the Motion Picture Production Code, and was extremely prevalent to the industry in everything it enforced. It played a major role in morality, race, and societal issues. 2. Who were the Scottsboro Boys and what was the impact of their case on national consciousness and the national judicial system? In 1931, the Scottsboro Boys was a name given to nine African American teenagers that were wrongfully charged with raping two White women while traveling by railway in Alabama. The popularity of the case allowed a space in the country for the racial injustices in the American legal system to be addressed. The case itself had flimsy evidence and unfair legal action taken, which was why the teenagers’ conviction became widely followed around the country. The Supreme Court got involved, establishing Powell v. Alabama and Norris v. Alabama, creating new …show more content…

The elimination of the scene diluted what could’ve been an in-depth examination into racial problems and the roots of negativity branching from them. Peola as a character would have been a perfect way to bring awareness to these often overlooked issues, deepening the themes of the film overall. Due to the censorship, Imitation of Life was less meaningful than a movie, and the focus of the film’s story was highly altered. PROMPT 4: GAZE AND CAMERA 1. What is the "male gaze?" How has it impacted cinema? In Laura Mulvey’s “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” the “male gaze” is described as the depiction of women in visual works of art through the lens of a heterosexual masculine perspective. In instances where the “male gaze” is prevalent, women are depicted as objects and oversexualized. The insertion of the “male gaze” into cinema has led to the shift in viewer’s perceptions of female characters. The growing popularity of creating cinema using the “male gaze” reinforces gender roles and sexist stereotypes. The “male gaze” includes the framing of women as submissive or passive, reducing

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At first, the government only censored miniscule complications, but ultimately led to the termination of projects. Harry Hopkins, Works Progress Administration Chief, states, “What we want is free, adult, uncensored theater.” This provides clear evidence that the FTP initial goals were corroded. The project promised people uncensored theater, when in fact they were already implementing censorship guidelines. This interfered with American's freedom of speech by not allowing them to produce the content

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The essay takes a psychoanalytic stance to demonstrate “the way the unconscious of patriarchal society has structured film form.” I found the paper extremely useful, having read it before and having revisited the paper I found that, while possible being slightly outdated due to it’s lack of other view points such as that of a queer spectator, the essay has a core four perceptions that runs throughout the film fetishized scopophilia, castration complex and powerful women, voyeurism and the notion that she famously coined the “male gaze”. Analysing both Kim Novak’s portrayal of both characters and her as a performer using the above ideas discussed in Mulvey’s essay really helped me develop some of the arguments that my essay question brought

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“Censuring the Movie Censors” is a article written by Richard Corliss discussing an argument over the way movies are rated here in the U.S compared to the way other countries rate their movies. Corliss goes into deep detail throughout his article by discussing the issue with the MPAA [Motion Picture Association of America] and who the MPAA actually are, and how it’s affecting film ratings. In his introduction Corliss introduced Maria Bello and actress that played a role in the movie “The Cooler” where this film was rated NC-17 due to the fact that the movie shows a glimpse of the actors’ genitals. Which angered Bello because “Scary Movie” received a softer ruling by being rated R. Who by the way shows grotesque brutality in their film. Bello

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This film allows us to examine Laura Mulvey’s concept of the ‘male gaze’ as we link these suggested traits to the male characters in the film. According

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For example, when the killer is caught in the movie, there is no violence or graphic depiction of the capture. In real life, there most likely would have been some type of violence or struggle. However, due to the Code's guidelines, the film had to be watered down and not as in-depth as it could have been. This restriction on content prevented the film from showing the reality of the situation and made it feel less authentic. As a result of these guidelines, many movies from that era lacked the realism and depth that they could have had.

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The Production Code Administration (PCA) EStablished in 1934 was a list of "Don'ts and Be Carefuls" which could not be in movies such as; sympathy for criminals, attitude toward public characters and institutions, titles or scenes having to do with law enforcement or law-enforcing officers. The code, however, was not monitored by any federal, state, or city government. The (MPAA) was pretty adamant on resisting government censorship and advocating the First

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Secondly, the basic scale of mainstream film productions is anthropomorphic. Thus, the body is to be gazed upon. As Mulvey says there is “a fascination with likeness and recognition” (836) of the form, which is the second of the presented author’s points; put in her words there is a “to-be-looked-at-ness” (837) prescribed to women. To elaborate, the aspect with evaluating such an implementation is that it contracts a woman`s role to a sexual level; and leaves scopophilia (the sexual excitement one gets from looking or being looked at, without the inclusion of genital areas, as studied by Freud) as a result. In the instance of Psycho, we are presented with numerous examples of Marion`s poorly dressed body, which culminates in the shower scene and is before that accompanied with Norman`s obsession with her.

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Furthermore, according to Mulvey, when women are displayed on screen, they possess a quality called “to-be-looked-at-ness,” which means that a woman’s appearance on screen is constructed to be put on “visual display” and she is expected to“exhibit herself to our gaze.” Ultimately, Mulvey’s concept of the male gaze can be summarized as the idea that women are always viewed through the eyes of men, who act as dominant observers. The male gaze is seemingly perpetuated to the tee in Mad Men through numerous devices such as imagery, film techniques and dialogue, however on closer inspection the certainty of this notion becomes less clear as the characters don’t act in exact accordance with the principles of the

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The “gaze” sometimes called the “look” is a term which was originally used in film theory in the 1970s but which is now more broadly used by media theorists to refer to the ways in which viewers look at images of people in any visual medium. These include advertisements, television programs and cinema. The concept of the gaze is fundamentally about the relationship of pleasure and images. The gaze can be viewed in in two different ways; the male gaze and the female gaze.

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The film, Thelma and Louise claims the gaze through the construction of female protagonists who assume traditionally male roles and behaviors. It was able to accomplish this by using male characters as sexual objects and employing cinematographic techniques traditionally reserved to maintain the male gaze. Laura Mulvey’s essay, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” coins the term “male gaze” and politicizes Freudian psychoanalysis to study cinematic spectatorship (Mulvey 1). She emphasizes the importance of how the various features of cinema viewing conditions enable the spectator to engage in both the voyeuristic process of objectification of female characters as well as the identification process in which viewers relate to the “ideal ego” onscreen (Mulvey 3). For instance, when Daryl asserts his power over Thelma, he is degrading her down to a piece of property rather than another individual.

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According to Practices of Looking: An Introduction to Visual Culture, Oxford, 2001 (Marita Sturgeon and Lisa Cartwright), “the concept of the gaze is fundamentally about the relationship of pleasure and images.” In both past and present times, women have been represented as objects to satisfy the “Male

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Production companies soon created their own, private methods of self censorship, through the help of government Lobbyists such as William H. Hays, who had a hand in creating the Hays Code, which was one of the first, and most well known acts of self censorship employed by production companies(Barbas 692). It listed a series of topics that production companies should take into account when creating the content of their films. The official list of “Don’ts” and “Be Carefuls” included a multitude of taboo topics for the day and age setting a boundary that many hoped would successfully quell the discontent and hostility that had arisen at the time (Barbas 692). The ‘Don’ts’ section included eleven items, such as profanity, including terms

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In 1907, Chicago, Illinois created a censorship regulation for films. In 1930s-1940s, Nazi-Germany prohibited any art deemed “un-German”. In 2002, the Department of Justice purchased material to drape over two partially-nude sculptures that have been in the department building since the 1930s. Censorship is not a new topic, but it is definitely becoming a widespread issue. While some people argue that art censorship is for the good of humanity, others contend that is is injustice and it takes away freedom of expression.

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