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Patriarchal society
People's conclusions regarding witchcraft
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The first set of witchcraft persecutions occurred during Elizabeth 1st reign, this was Around 1563. Commonly people associated witches with a woman and the beliefs were the following of that they have made a pact with the evil spirit Satan. The rush of the witch persecutions mainly happened after 1563 and by the time period of 1750 roughly 200,000 witches were tortured, burnt, or hung across the whole of Western Europe. Therefore, in this essay, I will be mainly focusing and arguing which of the hysteria surrounding witchcraft and witchcraft trials had a greater impact in Britain or the American colonies in the time period of the 17th century. And I will be arguing it following different factors which could contribute to this such as the social factors geographical factors, religious factors and also control law and order.
In Massachusetts during 1692 a horrible expiernce had swept throughout the colonies that witches were real, and some of the key concepts that had a major impact to make people think they were real were superstation, economics, politics and there early ideal of gender shaped their era. Throughout the era of witches there had been puritans who were people who had believed in god and do that they thought to be able to see god and his angels you would have to believe in evil apparitions as well. Puritans at the time were one of the main contributing societies of witchcraft in Salem, and it was the belief that Satan was among them and roaming around freely. Next was the other type of contributing factor which was the relationships within and between
Kamensky claims that women were the targets of witch hunts for being outspoken but she does not examine other parts of the hunt. Religious beliefs and people who did not want to admit their role
In addition, one cause of the Salem Witch Trial hysteria was sexism. Evidence of this is from the Salem Court Records where out of 20 people executed for witchcraft 14 were women and six were men(Doc A). This evidence shows that there were more women than men being executed and accused of witchcraft. The people were sexist against women because they weren’t as many men being executed and accused. The accusers, who were mostly women, were being sexist against other women that were being accused.
After reading “Devil in the Shape of a Woman: The Economic Basis of Witchcraft “by Carol Karlsen I was intrigued by Karlsen’s interpretation, and upset about the ways women were treated. During these witch hunts women and men alike were accused of the crime, but the majority were women. I found it interesting that she related the commonly known Puritan beliefs, which lead to accusations of witchcraft, with gender roles. She ultimately says that Puritans feared these accused women because they symbolized female independence. I found it shocking that women, often the wealthier, had a greater chance of being let go of their accusations if they had a husband to spoke on their behalf.
However, she was still accused of a witch because her outstanding reputation as “Puritan perfection” intimidated the supremacy of male in the Puritan society. Rebecca’s success and prosperity, and links to those opposed to the Putnams and Parris also provoked her opponents’ jealousy, anger and revenge, and caused her to be the victim of witch hunt (Hill 90-91). In Salem society, women were discriminated, expected to be no authority and wealth, and viewed as easier to be controlled by the devil and inferior to men (Mammone). Therefore, even though Rebecca was an innocent and respectable woman, she could not prevail over men in a male dominated society.
Witches were viewed negatively and as followers of the Devil. According to the documents, the three major reasons for the persecution of witches were the religion, the social prejudices, and the economic hunger of the people. At the time of the witch craze, the Protestant Reformation was going on. These leaders of the religions played an important role in the development of the witch trials because
In the Notion of Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events, Pritchard begins the second chapter with the statement, “Witches clearly cannot exist” (Pritchard 1). Continuing with explaining that for the Azande, witchcraft was embedded in their daily lives. Evan Pritchard explains that witchcraft is “to Azande an ordinary and not an extraordinary... event” (Pritchard 9). In other words, the Azande perceive “unfortunate events” due to witchcraft and not by natural causes. An example of this is death, the Azande see death as an event caused by the dying person being bewitched.
104 out of the 141 accused and 14 out of the 20 executed during the Salem Witch Trials were females. Beliefs on witchcraft that were based primarily on writings of men portrayed women as “morally and intellectually weaker than men”. This ideology is traced all the way back to Eve, the first female God created, according to the bible. During Genesis Chapter three, Eve is tempted by the devil at the Garden of Eden and takes a bite of a fruit God forbade to eat. This story illustrated women’s inherent weakness in the face of temptation by the devil (Wilson, 79).
In Document B, Demos presents that most of the accusers of witches were single females in their younger years of age. In the late 1600s, women were extremely dependent upon men for their financial stability, overall safety, and mental/emotional well being. In an interpretation of this document, it can be assumed that these younger female women were seeking family ties and protection in a harsher time period. On the same hand, Document C, a most likely extremely biased account, recounts the “bewitched actions” of Bridget Bishop, a witch, upon the afflicted. Samuel Parris, the examiner of Bishop, seems to shed a negative light on Bishop.
These views, in and of themselves, speak to the level of intolerance permeating America and to the level of fear associated with witchcraft. The Religious intolerance and fear experienced in English North America was not a sole construct of Puritanism in New England. These ideas permeated Southwards throughout the length of the thirteen English colonies. Oftentimes, the fear of witchcraft led to colonial governments establishing capital laws against any person entering into communion with Satan.
Karlsen leaps to the present with two short paragraphs concerning the connection of early America belief in witchcraft influencing modern thinking and fascination with historical witchcraft. She asserts, "the continuing power of woman-as-witch in our collective imagination"; she addresses the issue of the power that continues to mold and shape the perception of witches and witchcraft in modern America. Why is this relevant to the book and her original story? Why would she throw this in? Pondering these questions led to the conclusion that the reference to current thought links the "woman-as-witch" ideology to the current emphasis on female empowerment prevalent in feminist writing today.
However, some people go even a step farther in their opinions on the novel. In October of 2000 Christianity Today made this comment: “Though the parallels (between drinking rat poison and Rowling’s books) are hardly exact, this is what we’re talking about regarding the Harry Potter series. We’re taking something deadly from our world and turning it into what some are calling ‘merely a literary device.’ Regardless of how magic is portrayed in the series, we need to remember that witchcraft in real life can and does lead to death —the forever and ever kind” (). This comment was not uncommon at this time and it was comments like this that fueled similar feelings among the Christian population.
The Song Of Witches Stella Glow employs two visually distinct art styles for its character depictions. During the visual-novelesque story sections, each character enjoys a, though sparsely animated, detailed and expressive anime-style drawing. With Hilda and Dorothy's visuals immediately endearing themselves to me. Hilda with her modernized take on the classic witch in a pointy black hat and cape and Dorothy with her personality-revealing repurposed rabbit costume betraying her psychotic sensibilities. However, during the actual tactical skirmishes themselves, Imageepoch presents proceedings with chibified versions, cutesy models with disproportionately large heads, of the aforementioned character designs.
Women’s life was divided between family, marriage and religion. The women’s main concern and responsibility was the procreation. In those times, family was very big so the typical role of the woman was that to be a good wife and a good mother. Some of them tried emancipation but they were blamed by society for this. These were the witches,