Yvonne's Disease Case Study

Yvonne is a business professional who suffers from cervicitis, the inflammation of the cervix, and cervical neoplasia, the abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface on the cervix. After conducting several tests, including a cervical biopsy, little was revealed as to the cause of Yvonne’s condition. The next test performed was a cervical cryosurgery, which is when liquid nitrogen is used to destroy abnormal tissue. This procedure was unsuccessful and then the doctor performed a cervical colonization, which is when a piece of tissue in the shape of a cone is removed and then examined under a microscope to check for the presence of cancer cells. While this procedure has a high success rate, it can lead to difficulties with bearing children.

This means that instead of having one ureter to drain each kidney, one or both of the kidneys have two ureters to drain them. Urine refluxes back to the kidney through the second ureter. This reflux is caused by the weakness of the flap from having the ureter join the bladder in an abnormal position. This condition can lead to urinary tract infections, fevers, blood in the urine, and painful urination. While the doctors first thought that Andrea’s condition was genetic it was later determined to not be since ureterocele is a birth defect. Andrea first underwent antibiotic prophylaxis treatments. These treatments were used to fight bacteria and further reduce the risk of contracting kidney and urinary tract infections. The more common method of treatment is surgery, which can also be used in combination with the antibiotics. Many types of surgeries and procedures are utilized to treat this condition. A nephrectomy the removal of all or part of the kidney, is performed when the kidney is no longer functioning. An upper pole nephrectomy is conducted if only the upper half of the kidney is not functioning properly due to the ureterocele. When the upper part of the ureter is functioning and there is no reflux to the lower part a ureteropyelostomy can be performed. This procedure connects the obstructed part of the ureter or kidney to the non-obstructed part. In some situations the only option is to remove

While Andrea’s procedure was successful at decompressing the ureterocele, it lead to a complication, kidney reflux. Kidney reflux is when urine flows from your bladder then back up the ureter into the kidney rather than going through the urethra. This is a very common complication caused by a transurethral puncture. This is why Yvonne should have opted for a different procedure that has fewer complications, such as a ureteropyelostomy. Even though this procedure is more complicated and has a longer recovery time it has a higher success rate. Andrea’s condition after the procedure continued to worsen. At the age of three her left kidney was no longer functioning properly. Andrea is now forced to undergo a surgery to correct the kidney reflux, a ureteropyelostomy. If his procedure would have been done first then there would be no need for Andrea to have undergone two procedures. This surgery will require general anesthesia and an open abdominal incision and several days in the hospital. Without it Andrea’s urinary system would never be functioning properly and she will continue suffering from reflux and most likely contract several infections. Her antibiotic treatment should continue just to make sure that her risk for infection is lowered. Since she is young her body is not well developed to fight back against against an infection while she is in recovery from