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Pediatric Hydrocephalus Essay

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Introduction: Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus, there are inadequate data to determine the prevalence and incidence of hydrocephalus. This liability is related to more health challenges, etiology assumed to correspond to high birth rates, maternal and perinatal risk factors, malnutrition education gaps, also greater risk of untreated neonatal or even prenatal infections and neural tube defects [1]. Hydrocephalus (Primary and secondary) remain one of the commonest and devastating pediatric neurosurgical pathologies. Incidence of congenital hydrocephalus has been estimated to be 0.2- 0.8/1000 live births [2]. Unique challenges affecting the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include …show more content…

There were no technical difficulties in the procedure even in the cases associated with anatomical distortion of the floor of the third ventricle due to the associated congenital anomalies. Based on the preoperative radiological imaging, 42 patients (63.7%) diagnosed to have non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus and 29 patients (32.7%) had communicating hydrocephalus, however in 44 cases HCP associated with MMC. The signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure resolved after ETV in all patients. Follow-up brain CT scan showed no complications related to the third ventriculostomy except for insignificant asymptomatic Pneumocephalus in 11 cases. The initial clinical success rate was 82% and decreased slightly to 78% during long-term follow-up. The size of ventricles showed a reduction in 51 cases (93%) (Figure 1). Four patients developed fever and meningeal irritation signs and symptoms after 3 days from ETV, the external ventricular drain was inserted and antibiotics started for one week. The patient improved, drain removed, patients maintained on antibiotics for another week with no

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Normally blood entering the right side of the heart stays on the right side (this is low-oxygen blood), and blood on the left side of the heart stays on the left side (this is oxygen-rich blood) which is then pumped to the rest of the body. But in this particular condition when a defect or "hole" is present between the ventricles (or lower chambers), blood from the left side of the heart is forced through the defect to the right side every time the heart beats. It then goes back to the lungs even though it is already rich in oxygen. Because of this, blood that is not yet oxygen-rich can 't get to the lungs. The most common signs and symptoms are trouble eating and gaining weight, breathlessness and easy fatigability in

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Ventriculoperitoneal shunts, which reroute CSF to the abdomen and endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which places a fenestration on the floor of the third ventricle and allows for CSF to directly flow into the subarachnoid space, are both viable choices for management of hydroencephalus. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has the additional advantage of obtaining a biopsy during the same procedure, allowing for staging of the tumor and consequently, better-informed decisions on treatment. If tumor progression or high-grade gliomas are identified after the initial intervention, patients can elect to undergo a mixed combination of more aggressive treatments, such as surgical resection of the tumor, radiotherapy, and

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