•The influenza infection is extremely infectious: When a contaminated individual coughs, wheezes or talks, respiratory droplets are produced and transmitted into the air, and can then can be breathed in by someone close-by. •A person who touches something with the infection on it and afterward touches his or her mouth, eyes or nose can get to be contaminated. •An influenza pandemic, for example, the one in 1918, happens when a particularly harmful new flu strain for which there 's practically no immunity shows up and spreads rapidly from individual to-individual around the world.
Introduction A mutation is a heritable change that is passed from the mother cell to progeny cells. Mutations may lead to good, bad or neutral phenotypic changes in the organism. They may occur spontaneously as in random DNA replicative errors or may be induced by mutagenic chemicals or radiation. Besides mutations, another way that bacteria achieve gene diversity is through the three known mechanisms for intercellular gene transfer.
1. Why did Marshall’s presentation lead Patricia to think he had influenza and not a cold? Why is it important to medically evaluate and diagnose a potential influenza infection? What test could be performed to diagnose influenza?
In a passage from The Great Influenza, author John M. Barry writes about what it is like to be a scientist. He describes scientists as pioneers and uses that to get across his idea. The author states that being a scientist is brave and uses metaphor, the motif of an explorer, and logos to prove his point. In the start of the passage, the author makes the point that to be a scientist is to be uncertain.
This is an ethical and moral duty nurse, added that threatens the health, religion or life of patients who avoid vaccination, other than of philosophical reason, you can protect patients from cross-transmission. Recently Poland Jacobson as you did with other vaccines, e.g., measles, mumps, rubella and varicella is recommended enacting influenza vaccination of HCWs (Healthcare Worker). This view was supported by the mandatory vaccination argue that supporters can be justified in a given moral safety record of the influenza vaccine. In addition, failure, his own, to achieve the required number to despite the 70 percent vaccination rate for employees of the results from Johns Hopkins University Hospital (JHUH) of volunteer programs, senior epidemiologist
Now, since we have a vaccine, Influenza will not prevail. However if it mutates into a more powerful virus, then and only then will we face a new problem, therefor giving Influenza a new
Soon, the epidemic arrived in Chicago. On August 28, 1918, reports of the increased death rate in Massachusetts were reported in Chicago newspapers, warning citizens of the potential risk of the epidemic reaching them. Nationwide, military camps suffered mass outbreaks throughout September, and yet, the Chicago Tribune printed reassuring news stories that suggested the flu was under control. On September 8, 1918, the virus took its first victims of the city: sailors at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station.
Task 2 C228 V2 Breanna Bras Western Governors University An example of a communicable disease outbreak that crossed international borders is the H1N1 influenza virus, also known as “swine flu”. The H1N1 flu outbreak was originally discovered in April 2009. The first known occurrence originated in Mexico and then was detected in the United States soon after. By May 2009, the H1N1 flu virus was confirmed to have spread to a total of 39 countries including: Spain, United Kingdom, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Italy, China, France, Korea, New Zealand, Japan, Ireland, Germany, Argentina, El Salvador, Belgium, Denmark, Australia, Peru, Norway, India, Austria, Thailand Cuba, Sweden, Portugal, Ecuador, Finland, Guatemala, Israel, Malaysia, Netherlands, Turkey and Poland ("Latest news on swine flu", 2009).
The spread of Influenza in the early 20th century gave people a gloomy feel for that time. Some people thought that the Influenza infection was a sign from their gods so they let religion influence their choices while dealing with the infection. Other people were displeased by the fact that the government wasn’t taking the infection seriously and that people were receiving little to no care. Lastly there were doctors and volunteer nurses who were with people that had Influenza and didn’t get the infection. After looking at all of the documents, it’s obvious that their were some different views towards the spread of the Influenza infection.
Influenza season is here again so it is time for everybody to add getting a flu shot to their “to-do” list. It is recommended for everyone to get flu shot from ages 6 months and older (McCarthy 1). It is the obligation of healthcare works and their employers to promote influenza vaccinations to patients and is an annual requirement for the workers as well (Lynkowski 1). Winter season is time for healthcare workers to get in line, roll up their sleeves and consent to treatment for a flu shot. For the hospital, their goal is to get all employees vaccinated, especially those who have direct contact with patients which brings up a number of ethical issues arising from the attempts to implement mandatory flu shots (Dubov 2530).
As we all know during World War I machine-guns and chemical warfare caused most of the casualties. More than 100,000 people die because more than 190,000 tons of toxic chemicals were deployed. Now, during World War II, no country resorted to chemical warfare, short tear, or gas. In World War II Germany decided not to use the newly discovered never agents, however, the Germans and Japanese were victims of chemical weapons that was, because the mustard gas was actually used for medical experiments on the prisoners. One thing we do know is that weapons of mass destructions such as, grenades, mines, artillery, and bombs were used in World War II, which was against Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
a. Because of these mutations, a new vaccine is created every year by doctors, predicting what that flu season 's virus will be like. b. Because it is only a prediction, occasionally the virus created in the lab doesn’t match up with the circulating virus. 1. With the virus that doesn’t match, a person is still more protected than a person without the vaccine, as stated in a CNN report in December of 2014 on the effectiveness of mutated viruses.
The particular weapon or better yet biological microorganism that I have chosen to outline this week is that of a particularly nasty strain of disease which has wiped out an unknown multitude of people throughout history. This infectious disease, known as the genus Orthopoxvirus, from the the family Poxviridae and subfamily of chordopoxvirinae, is potentially believed to have laid to waste whole civilizations of people. It also goes by the name “Red Plague”, or in more common parlance, “The Smallpox Virus.” Historically, this virus made its way to Europe sometime between the 5th and 7th centuries. According to Reidel (2005), “It was frequently epidemic during the Middle Ages.
Pandemics are events in which a disease spreads across the entire world. Many pandemics have become notorious for their lethality, symptoms, or historical events that surrounded them. Various notorious pandemics include the ‘Black Death,’ an event caused by the plague, Yersinia Pestis, that killed an estimated 25 million people (“Black Death”), or the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic, an event that has killed an estimated 35 million people (“HIV/AIDS”). The ‘Black Death’ and the HIV/AIDS pandemic have killed many people; however, neither has killed nearly as many people as the 1918 influenza pandemic. The 1918 influenza pandemic, better known as the ‘Spanish Flu,’ was a strain of the influenza virus that struck in the wake of world war one (WWI).
The flu is one of the most commonly spread infectious diseases in the United States. Each year, between 5% and 20% of Americans will become infected with the influenza virus ("Seasonal Flu Q&A"). For the majority of those people, the symptoms associated with the flu-- fever, chills, dehydration, body aches, and vomiting-- are non life-threatening and typically only last for a couple of days. However, for people who become infected with the flu virus while being hospitalized for a different reason, the rates of serious flu-related complications are much higher. The most effective way to prevent the spread of the influenza virus is by receiving a yearly flu shot, but disappointingly, most hospitals in the United States do not require employees
