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Marshall Influenza Case Study

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1. Why did Marshall’s presentation lead Patricia to think he had influenza and not a cold? Why is it important to medically evaluate and diagnose a potential influenza infection? What test could be performed to diagnose influenza? Influenza presents as a rapid onset of malaise, chills fever, sore throat, nonproductive cough. Common cold symptoms are a runny nose and eyes, nasal stuffiness. A less aggressive onset with the initial appearance of nasal sinus irritation and excessive nasal secretions. Flu contrasts from a common cold in that it usually has a sudden, acute onset of fever, fatigue, and aching pains in the body.It may also cause viral pneumonia. Similarly to the common cold, a mild case of influenza can be complicated by secondary …show more content…

Because they also encourage mucous secretions, macrophage activity on pneumococci is decreased while bacterial adhesion to the epithelium is increased. Pneumonia is a condition that aggravates the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Cyanosis occurs as a result of the decrease in gas exchange through the inflamed alveolar membrane and subsequent decline in hemoglobin saturation. One of the most common complications of the flu is a bacterial infection. Sporadically, this can become serious and progress into pneumonia. A bacterial infection can be treated by a round of antibiotics but can occasionally become life-threatening, particularly in the frail and elderly. However, because some bacterial infections can produce signs and symptoms similar to influenza, bacterial infections should be considered and appropriately treated, if suspected. In addition, bacterial co-infection can occur as a complication of influenza. 4. What are the treatment and management options for Marshall’s influenza? Discuss the course of the influenza illness and any complications which can

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Chapter 35 begins with the most important question what causes influenza, had been what has caused all this death? Many skilled bacteriologist were unable to isolate from the first cases. Changing of techniques, how to find the cause of the disease. Park, William, and Lewis were skilled bacteriologist who used new methods to find new information on influenza. Pfeiffer’s work had been studied for many years, she was determined that the cause of the disease was B Influenzae.

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At the time WW1 was raging on and because of this Sadie also recalls that, “it was eerie for a child to watch the constant stream of wagons going to the graveyard to bury the soldiers and those who had died from the flu. ”(Cdc.gov, Sadie Afraid Of His Horses - Janis) She and her family called Influenza the,”Bad Sickness”.(Cdc.gov, Sadie Afraid Of His Horses - Janis) The future of Influenza is not as grand as it once was.

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These actions proved effective, and it appeared that the Great Lakes station was through the worst of the epidemic. Officers announced that the rate of newly identified cases was decreasing by 10% every day. The city interpreted these calm reports to mean the city was not at great risk, and was lulled into a false sense of security (ROBERTSON: A REPORT ON AN EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA IN THE CITY OF CHI). On September 21, however, Chicago experienced the first significant rise in the death rate from influenza and pneumonia. The city of 2.7 million people sat vulnerable and unprotected.

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The spread of Influenza in the early 20th century gave people a gloomy feel for that time. Some people thought that the Influenza infection was a sign from their gods so they let religion influence their choices while dealing with the infection. Other people were displeased by the fact that the government wasn’t taking the infection seriously and that people were receiving little to no care. Lastly there were doctors and volunteer nurses who were with people that had Influenza and didn’t get the infection. After looking at all of the documents, it’s obvious that their were some different views towards the spread of the Influenza infection.

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People smelt death, they saw people’s dead bodies, They had chills, fevers, headaches, myalgia. ¨The origin site for the 1918 influenza pandemic which killed more than 50 million people worldwide has been hotly debated. While the mid-western United States, France, and China have all been identified as potential candidates by medical researchers, the military context for the pandemic has been all but ignored. Conversely, military historians have paid little attention to a deadly disease which underlines the reciprocal relationship between battlefield and homefront.¨ How the disaster could have been prevented, if the doctors knew more. If not prevented, discuss how could the disaster been handled differently, if people would of stayed in there house and had precautions. Influenza, acute, infectious, contagious viral disease of the respiratory tract, especially the trachea, colloquially called flu or, less often, grippe.

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World War I had just ended and people were settling down, hoping to enjoy the peace, when an invisible enemy invaded and killed thousands. Robert Marantz Henig, the author of the article, “The Flu Pandemic,” shows that the Flu Pandemic of 1918, though terrible, had three good impacts on America: It changed the ways scientists view illnesses, it started the

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Robert Walch, a West Coast book columnist, states “Barry 's account of how the influenza spread through military camps virtually unchecked and then spread into the civilian population reads like a novel”. Walch did not like the fact that he just wrote out the facts and did not give any detail. “It is the anecdotes and personal stories of those touched by the influenza that flesh out the story and turn this lengthy study into an unexpected page turner”(Walch). Even though we have heard many stories about the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, John Barry has told us many things that we may have not known. Howard Markel of the Washington Post said “Although we have several other superb histories of the 1918 influenza pandemic, John M. Barry presents a fascinating look at how the epidemic spread and how physicians and researchers rallied to mobilize against a global health crisis”.

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Chills and sweats 4. Nasal congestion 5. Dry cough 6. Headache 7. Fatigue and weakness Diagnosis: Influenza has customarily been analyzed on the premise of clinical criteria, yet quick symptomatic tests, which have a high level of specificity yet just direct affectability, are turning out to be all the more broadly utilized.

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In his book The Great Influenza and in other articles, Barry builds on Jordan’s findings to argue that flu overwhelmed a local doctor in Haskell County, Loring Miner, forcing him to sleep in his buggy between night calls until he eventually became so perplexed by the disease that he filed a report with the United States Public Health Service in late March.32 But this note comprises only single sentence in the 5 April 1918 issue of Public Health Reports. It reads: ‘On March 30, 1918, the occurrence of 18 cases of influenza of severe type, from which 3 deaths resulted, was reported at Haskell, Kansas. ’33 Using the local gossip columns of the Santa Fe Monitor, Barry was able to further elaborate on the significance of this otherwise obscure reference to flu activity, suggesting that these cases had actually occurred in February but were only reported at the end of March before finally being published in April.34

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Worldwide, the flu is casting its toxic shadow among the entire human race. Influenza has decreased the human population in the past, but this year has been the worst by far. Due to people not taking care of their body, not washing their hands, and not going to the doctors for ailments, the flu has gained strength over time. Germs can be good for your body but, if you are not careful, you are able to spread or acquire vile germs like the flu. One cause is people not washing their hands.

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