Flexion Essays

generation at the extremes of the functional joint range of motion (0° to90° flexion) may be attributed to mechanical and/or muscle activation factors. Also as discussed, at this extended range the muscle is not at optimal length and the numbers of actin sites available for cross-bridge binding is limited. Brownstein et al. (1985) found that peak torque was coincident with maximum IEMG at 50° for males and 70° in females of knee flexion. With Subject 1’s (male) maximum quadriceps isometric contraction occurring

using the same femoral components and concluded that there was no difference at follow-up in range of motion, pain scores and ability to climb or descend stairs. They concluded that posterior impingement in flexion was avoided by proper flexion-extension gap balancing, resulting similar knee flexion to the posterior- stabilized

Anatomically, the patella is of a disproportionate oval-shaped sesamoid bone which articulates with the femoral sulcus. Its proximal attachment is the quadriceps tendon which envelopes the structure and distally at the apex, the patellar tendon attaches. Both the tendons are functional as to stabilise the patella bone in the knee joint during movements or even when the joint is static. Also, the patellar retinacula are attached to both the medial and lateral sides of the patella. When the tendon

The anterior talofibular ligaments main function is to minimize the anterior dislocation of the talus and plantar flexion of the ankle. The ligament is associated with the capsule of the ankle joint, and it is comprised of two distinct bands. These bands are divided vascular branches originating from the perforating peroneal artery and it forms a junction with lateral

A. Question 2 Locate and palpate the following muscles ⁃ Rectus femoris ⁃ The rectus femoris is a knee extensor. When palpating the rectus femoris you can feel the muscle as it runs dow the middle of the front of the thigh. ⁃ Vastus lateralis ⁃ The Vastus lateralis is a knee extensor. You can palpate the vastus lateralis laterally to the rectus, just below the greater trochanter. ⁃ Vastus intermedius ⁃ The vastus intermedius is a knee extensor. You can palpate the vests intermedius underneath

Phalanges attach to. The Proximal Phalanges are attached to the Metatarsals via the Metatarsophalangeal Joints which are the joints found at the base of the toes. The Metatarsophalangeal Joints are Condyloid Joints which allow various planes of movement. Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction and Circumduction are the various movements that the Metatarsophalangeal Joint can perform. The structure of a Condyloid joint consists of an oval end of a bone that fits into a

It was also observed that the mean maximum angle of flexion and extension (deg) in the hips was statistically significant and higher in the NMT condition as compared to the OG and MT condition. In terms of ankle dorsiflexion, it was observed that the mean ankle flexion/extension maximum angle (deg) in the OG condition was statistically significantly different and greater than the NMT condition, while the mean score for the MT condition was statistically significantly different and higher than the

ensure proper knee and ankle flexion. Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation (TEMS) was used on the gastrocnemius, quadriceps and hamstring muscles to produce contractions. These muscles were tested because of their potential to strain the ACL. TEMS was set to produce torque of the knee at 5 or 10N at the knee and at least 15N at the ankle. The experiment tested 3 muscle stimulations. The gastrocnemius contraction was executed at 5, 15, 30, and 45 degrees of ankle flexion and the ankle was positioned

therefore, movements along perpendicular planes occur over a wide arch of motion, namely flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction . Muscles surrounding the hip are divided into groups; each is mainly, but not only, responsible for a certain movement of the hip. The main hip flexor is the psoas muscle, helped by the iliacus, but also other muscles assist in hip flexion. Extension is mainly performed by the gluteus maximus. Adduction is mainly carried

(2013) as “the result of repetitive hip flexion in abduction by dancers in an attempt to increase turnout.” Lateral snapping occurs when the iliotibial band slips back and forth over the greater trochanter and can be visually observed. Byrd (2005) attributes this to the thickening of the posterior part of the IT band, causing a slight rotation as the greater trochanter moves around it, making the joint look as if it dislocates from the socket upon flexion and pops back in upon extension. According

While lifting onto the toes during backwards marching many muscles are used. The flexor digitorum longus is a muscle in the leg that extends from the posterior surface of the tibia to the foot, and assists the leg in plantar flexion of the foot. Originating in the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and shaft of the fibula, and has an insertion of the tarsal and metatarsal bones. The flexor digitorum longus divides into four parts upon insertion, connecting to the terminal bones of the four

I. INTRODUCTION A person can move his or her arm through flexion or extension of his or her elbow joint using his or her biceps and triceps which create tension forces about the elbow joint. This lab's objectives are to measure the tension and relative angles creates utilizing the biceps and triceps in a variety of situations. The purpose is to use this data to infer the effect of differing angles and using applied loads on necessary muscle force for certain situations. II. METHODOLOGY A Pasco

5) Demonstrate two exercises that strengthen and two exercises that stretch the following muscles. -Quadriceps femoris- The exercise I selected that strengthens the quadriceps femoris is the wall sit. A wall sit is a common exercise I have done many times throughout my time in the dance studio. The wall sit is when you stand with your wall against a wall with the feet parallel, hip width apart about 2 feet from the wall. Slowly bend the knees until the thighs are parallel to the floor with the

The results from this lab are consistent with what is expected from a healthy subject. The use of the tendon hammer elicited a reflex of the Achilles tendon. When comparing the stretch reflex with the voluntary reflex, the voluntary reflex exhibited a longer latency. The mechanism is that the use of a reflex hammer, tapped on the tendon causes the muscle to stretch, and according to Purves (2008), this evokes excitation of the Ia sensory axons, innervating the muscle spindles. This excitation reaches

Passive Hip Stabilization As I mentioned in the last case study, I look at the position of the lower extremities when correcting full body alignment . The legs and feet should be directly underneath the pelvis. The knees and the feet should be pointing up towards the ceiling. Most of the time, I see one of these abnormal postures instead. IMAGE 177 IMAGE 178 Tight hip rotator muscles pull on the leg so it falls to the outside, sometimes

These provide proprioceptive information on movement as the skin is stretched at various points along the ROM (Gregg 1994 p15 ass) For example, if the knee is fully extended, the skin behind the knee becomes taut, signaling knee extension. Thermoreceptors and pain receptors are other receptors in the skin. These receptors generate signals that stimuli the motor responses of the flexor reflex and crossed extensor reflex (withdrawel reflexed). They create a reflexive motor reaction to remove a body

1.1 Overview Of Knee Injury Knee organ is the largest joint in the human body, specifically in the leg and it is the easiest part of the body to be injured. Knee injuries can be caused by a sudden injury, an overused injury or by an underlying condition. The treatment depends on the cause and type of injury. Early symptoms of knee injury can include pain, swelling, and stiffness. Most people have had a minor knee problem at one time or another. Most of the time, normal body movements do not incur

Rotator Cuff Repair Jordan Lowe Jordan Lowe Bill Hammer Case study Working Draft October 20, 2017 Rotator Cuff Repair A “Rotator Cuff” is a group of muscles that holds the head of the humerus in its socket, these muscles are the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis. The supraspinatus muscle is in charge of abduction, or lifting the arms from your side to above your head, the infraspinatus and teres minor are for exorotation, lastly the subscapularis is used for

Part 1: Knee Jerk Prediction: If the hypothesis is true, the entire leg will jerk upward. Hypothesis: Tapping the knee with the mallet will result in the leg jerking upward. (c)The leg jerks upward. (d)When the subject holds the book, the leg’s movement increases. Part 2: Achilles Reflex Hypothesis: The hammer tapping the Achilles tendon will cause the foot to jerk towards the plantar surface. (e)The toes being to move outwards and heel moves inwards. Part 3:Babinski Reflex (f)Inside-curling

plantaris, gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles and is attached to the calcaneus[2]. Therefore the Achilles tendon is also known as calcaneus tendon or calf tendon. The Achilles tendon causes plantar flexion and is used during activities such as walking, jumping and other movements where plantar flexion is required. The Achilles tendon plays an important role in the biomechanics of the lower extremity and can withstand great forces[1]. A double-layered connective tissue membrane, called the paratenon