Routing protocol Essays

4 QoS Based Protocols QoS based protocols ensure sensor nodes balance between energy consumption and pre-determined QoS metrics like delay, energy, reliability and bandwidth, before delivering data to sink node. Sensor nodes have low processing capability, low memory power and limited transmission energy in addition to energy constraints. Hence the constraints impose an important requirement on wireless sensor network QoS support mechanisms including simplicity. Traffic flows

types of MANETs, their uses, and the common security issues associated with each type. Having identified a common security problem in routing protocols of mobile ad-hoc

5. METHODOLOGY 5.1 Secure Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Till date many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks, but only few of them consider the problem of security [4] and most of them are developed without any security concern. So in this section we focus at selected multipath routing protocols in order to cope with the various attacks. For avoiding intruders attacks in HWSN various methods and algorithms are implemented out of that Professor

When deciding the server to be used for synchronizing its clock, a client should consider two main factors: 1. Reliability of the server The server should be highly reliable. It should be sending the correct time. Some servers may act as reliable servers and may send false information regarding clock in-order to attack the system or for other dubious activities. Some servers may be not consistent regarding clock. So such kind of servers should be avoided and consistent as well as reliable servers

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. It is important for networks to run smoothly for Quality of service purposes and IGRP helps to support this requirement of a network. As IGRP, “uses bandwidth to determine how to load balance.” Based on this theory IGRP can distribute packets across and prioritise when there is a faster available or a more suitable path should a link delay or fail due to the heavy amount of traffic which may be passing through the router. Link State 1. In link-state routing, routers do

My first week proved to be very challenging. My favorite uncle was a veteran and I often visited him at the Missouri Veterans Home nursing center. He died several years ago, however, I remembered seeing many older veterans who did not have anyone to visit them. Many were very lonely and longed-for visitors. I had decided volunteering with the Veterans Administration Medical Center Jefferson Barracks Division would be something that I would really enjoy. I researched how to volunteer with the Veterans

VI. SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS In this section we explain our simulation framework for assessing the performance of our proposed QoS-based CR-WMSNs routing protocol. Afterwards we describe different simulation results representing the efficiency of the proposed QoS-based MAC protocol. A. Simulation Framework Our CR-WMSNs simulator has been developed based on OPNET [31]. Before discussing to the simulation results, we would like to have a glimpse of the assumptions and major parameters: 1)

requests from a source node to a set of destination nodes, it is always possible to provide connection path through the network to satisfy the connection request without any disturbance to the existing connections. If the path selection follows a routing algorithm to maintain nonblocking connecting capability, the network is said to be wide-sense nonblocking. In this paper, we study about wide-sense nonblocking multicast communication in wavelength reusable multi-carrier distributed (WRMD) wavelength

INTRODUCTION This assignment is focused on Cisco. It talks about how this company manages technology and innovation. The history of the company is discussed. The company’s mission and strategies, innovative methodologies, acquisition tactics and integration plans are discussed at length. This case study highlights Cisco’s core values. It explains the efforts Cisco takes to be a successful company. A-1 According to, Making the Cisco Connection: The Story Behind the Real Internet Superpower ( By

check on the number of duplicate packets generated due to the Flooding Routing technique? One way to keep a check on the number of duplicate packets is to place a counter in the header of the packet which decrements at each hop. When the counter reaches zero, the packet is discarded. Another method is to keep track of which packets have been flooded and avoid sending them out again. 2. Though Flooding is not a very efficient routing method, it still finds use in a number of applications. Name at least

quality, relevant technical and engineering documents that people can use as a standard to design application with the Internet. They follow five principles to help them follow their statement, and has helped lead the development of the internet protocols we have today.[2] The first principle is having an open process that allows anyone to participate in their work, or have their opinions on issues heard and answered. As a result, their documents, mailing list, attendance list and meetings are available

teredo helps the old protocol work with the new, providing full feature IPv6 internet to users. The article is published on International Journal of Communication Systems, which is authority in this field, and the article is already peer reviewed, so it is reliable. Claburn, T. (2007). The Internet's Filling Up. Informationweek, (1140), 24. The article generally reported that the American Registry for Internet Numbers has urged a faster migration to the upcoming Internet Protocol, IPv6, because of the

Part E Switch Technology Introduction In appearance, a switch is simple, just a case of having a number of ports, that can be connected with a variety of different devices such as workstations, routers or other switches through these ports. When a packet arrives at one input port, the task of the switch is to decide either to discard the packet, or move it to the correct output port for transmission. The correct output port is determined the packets according to the information carried in the packet

The HTTP protocol uses port 80. Adafruit_CC3000_Server HAServer(LISTEN_PORT); int r1 = 6, r2 = 7; String readString; float temp; int tempPin=0; void setup(void) { pinMode(r1, OUTPUT); // Pin Assignment through which relay will be controlled pinMode(r2

methods and protocols we use in a LAN environment to provide a high level of redundancy, such as EtherChannel, FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocols) and STP (Spanning Tree protocols). I will briefly explain how the protocols work & then discusses the latest implementations of the protocol and the environment you would expect to see them working in. The STP is a protocol that prevents loops from occurring in a switched LAN environments when a device has multiple interconnected paths. The protocols works

decide how the layers can do this process. It will be able to can concentrate and determine how the data will get from one remote network to the computer. Also it will take care with devices which are local. This is mainly tasked to take care of is routing which allows data to be moved the data across the series of networks which are connected. Software routines will handle traffic that is coming in from different sources and that will choose where it will end up. Towards the end it will work out where

behind it? There are 4 versions of this protocol. The two that will be looked at and discussed here are the ones that are in use today which are versions 4 and 6.There will be links provided should one which to go into more detail and obtain more information on this topic such

Topic: The Loss of Biodiversity in Madagascar General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience on the causes of loss of biodiversity in Madagascar Chronological: Cause-effect Introduction I. "Biological diversity is being lost at a rate unequalled since the appearance of modern ecosystems more than 40 million years ago." Stated by the Royal Society. (attention getter) II. Biodiversity is the variety of life found in a particular ecosystem and one of the most significant places on

The author, Castells (2001), mentioned in this book that the new pattern of sociability in our societies is characterized by networked individualism. It is not the Internet that creates a pattern of networked individualism, but the development of the Internet provides an appropriate material support for the diffusion of networked individualism as the dominant form of sociability. This paper aims to trace the concept of networked individualism and social network revolution as used by the author based

Q 1. What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4? 1. Extended Address Availability Internet Protocol version 4 address have around4billionsaddresses. Depletion of IPv4 started in 2011. Then Internet Protocol version 6was designed to tackle the problems of address space and a number of related tasks. The updated IP addressing type IPv6, also called (IP Next Generation, which) will extend IP addresses from 32 bits to 128 bits and expand the number of available IP addresses to enormous