5.05 Candy Chromatography Lab Purpose: Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their components and also to identify them. The purpose of this lab is to separate pigment from Skittles to observe colors that are not shown. Background information and research: Paper chromatography is a technique that is used to determine and separate parts of a mixture in order for identification. Paper chromatography is used to identify chemicals such as inks and dyes Materials: 4 pieces of candy with a colored coating (Skittles: Red, Green, Orange, Purple) Rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol 2 coffee filters 2 tall glasses or plastic cups At least two pencils Ruler including inches/centimeters Tape Foil or paper plate (about 2 feet) Table salt (1/8 teaspoon) …show more content…
7)Use toothpicks to transfer the dye from the skittles onto the coffee filter strip. 8)Measure about 1/4 inch from the top of the coffee filter strip and tape pencils to the top. 9)Place each coffee filter strip over a cup with the pencil holding and balancing it at the top. 10)Fill cup with water so the water is slightly touching the coffee filter strip. 11) Once the dye has reached the near top of your cut coffee filter (1/4 inch) take them out and dry them. 12)Measure while they are drying or when they are dry or both. 13) Record your measurements (in cm) along with your observations. 14)Repeat procedure for water/alcohol solution. Salt & water solution: After 15-20 minutes, color separation became visible; red and blue were shown around the purple as well as blue/yellow around green. Solution line stopped at 60cm. Data and Observation The water/salt solution percolates faster than the alcohol/water solution. Alcohol & water solution: After 15-20 minutes, water was about half way to final line. Solution line stopped at 55cm. RED: 23cm ORANGE: 41cm GREEN: 43cm PURPLE: 29cm RED: 50cm ORANGE: 50cm GREEN: 25-30cm PURPLE: 44cm Discussion &
Question 4: List the 3 errors; • Adding too many drops of NaOH at the same time would affect the results because we can’t determine the exact equivalent point when the color changed. The results won’t be accurate and that will affect all the data that are dependent on the amount of NaOH to titrate. • Other error could be the hardness to notice a color change; we always use a white paper under the flask to determine when the color changes right away. And if we don’t use the white paper it will be hard to determine the color change and the amount of NaOH that was used to titrate it. • Also other source of error could be by not rising the burette with NaOH before we fill up with it, or it maybe they were rinsing it with a lot of NaOH which could affect the data recording for NaOH amount of titration.
Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and
One should weigh the clean piece of filter paper, then the paper used for the experiment. After obtaining both of these weights, one should subtract the weight of the clean paper from the weight of the paper used in the experiment in order to determine the difference between the two sheets of filter paper. This difference represents the amount of copper which was produced in the
Experiment 1: Materials: • Alka-Seltzer tablets • Empty and clean water or soda bottles (12 oz to 24 oz) • Balloons • Water • Clock • Stove top Procedure: 1. Pour a sufficient amount of water (about 16 oz) into a small pot and place on the stove at high heat. 2. Watch the clock and after 30 seconds take the water off the heat.
To start off, dry the pre pennies, post pennies and the unknown substance completely with paper
Being, if hot and cold water were combined, then the cold water would move beneath the hot water because cold water is denser than hot water. Methods Materials: - Small glass bowl - Ice - Cold water - Food coloring - Spoon - Clear glass cup - Hot water - Clear medicine dropper Procedure: 1. First, in the glass bowl, mix the ice, cold water, and food coloring with the spoon 2. Next, fill the glass cup with hot water 3.
Modifications of this procedure include the use of hot plates instead of Bunsen burners, and heating t-butyl alcohol to 60-65 ℃ instead of 50 ℃. Other modifications include the use of weighing boats to measure an amount of unknown instead of weighing paper, and completing one run of unknown 2 instead of two runs of unknown 2. Summary of
These color changes indicate a chemical change, which show that a reaction had occurred. In the first step when o-vanillin and p-toludine, imine was formed. The color change from green to orange suggests that imine appears as orange colored. In the second step, the addition of sodium borohydride reduced the imine into another derivative, which was yellowish lime color. The solution turned clear when acids and anhydrides was added, which indicated the precipitate were dissolved.
For the orange, the distance the band traveled was 39mm and the distance solvent traveled was 39mm and the Rf was calculated at 1mm. For strawberry the distance band traveled 38mm and the distance the solvent traveled was 41mm and the calculated Rf was .927mm. The colors for strawberry, orange and grape Kool-Aid are made with food dye. There is also salt that is found in Kool-Aid that is why when placed in the tubes containing %NaCl, the solvent caused the drops on the strips to travel so far. The results in this were expected.
When we collected liquid from our distillation separation method, liquids #5 and #4 came out clear (without the food coloring). We believe solid #6 is what made our sludge purple. The density of food coloring is the same as water: 1 gram per square millimeter, our density was very close to this it was 0.51g/ cm3 and we could have made mistakes when reading the graduated cylinder.
During my studies I hope to conduct research about the properties of date rape drugs, and take small steps towards creating a detector for them. Once an accurate detector is found I wish to create an easily accessible item for all genders to carry around that could be used to test drinks for date rape drugs. Such as a tablet that would react with the drink, a color changing straw, or plastic cups/ drinking glasses that could change color when the drug is present. A common item like this could change and save the lives of many students, which is my ultimate
Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.
The solution of DCM and cyclohexane was clear and colourless. The following graph shows the recorded
The instrument used to perform gas chromatography is called a gas chromatograph. 2. Analysis of compounds in alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages comprise of a wide range of volatile compounds, together with alcohols and short chain aldehydes. Gas chromatography can be used to analyse these compounds without preliminary extractions. Alcohols and aldehydes in alcoholic beverages can be monitored by capillary G.C or packed column G.C depending on target analytes and their concentrations since capillary columns offer efficient separations, capillary G.C is particularly beneficial in analysis of structurally similar compounds.
Introduction Drug use in sports has always been a controversial issue. With athletes pushing for the top podium position, performance enhancing drugs can be extremely enticing. One of the main types of drugs used by athletes are stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines or ecstasy. These can create unfair advantages in sports. To keep sports even and fair, certain drugs became prohibited.