Junípero Serra has been decapitated, defaced, and became a saint all within a month’s time. He is surrounded by controversy. Many celebrated for he was the first Latino to become canonized. Rubén Mendoza of California State University of Monterey Bay explains, “Father Serra was not only a man of his time, he was a man ahead of his time in his advocacy for native people on the frontier.” However, Valentin Lopez who is the chair of the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band explains that “Serra’s and the Church’s failure to learn form the teaching of Christ or from the life of St. Francis resulted in the complete extinction of many, many California tribes and great devastation for many others.” This statue was of a man who lived over two hundred years ago …show more content…
These schools have been described as an instrument to wage intellectual, psychological, and cultural warfare to turn Native Americans into “Americans”. There are many reports of young Native Americans losing all cultural belonging. According to an interview with NPR, Bill Wright was sent to one of these schools. He lost his hair, his language, and then his Navajo name. When he was able to return home, he was unable to understand or speak to his grandmother. Losing one’s cultural knowledge, and therefore the reality of their culture, allows others to have control over their collective and individual consciousness as well as their destiny. In this case, it is clear that the United States government has had the dominant relationship over the Native …show more content…
Now Pope Francis has made Junípero Serra an official saint. Many Native Americans may feel like their history, the history they have fought so hard to preserve, will be forgotten. Which brings us to the fallen statue of Junípero Serra in Carmel. This act is just another expression of the underlining historical tensions we can see within the Native American communities and outside communities. As George Orwell once said, those “who control the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past” . It clear that from the time of Junípero Serra until now, outside forces have controlled the past, the present, and the future of the California Native
According to Las Casas, the Son of God “gave his life for every living soul (p. 32),” which includes the lives of the indigenous people (p. 72). Therefore, each man, woman, and child, no matter where they came from, their skin color, age, sex, religion, are equal and apart of the human race. In his short account, Las Casas is absolutely appalled that a human life could be belittled and devalued to the extent where a single mare can be bartered for eighty locals: “that is, eighty members of the human race (p. 65).” Therefore, he claimed that it would be “a criminal neglect of my duty to remain silent (p. 6)” and took a stand to defend the indigenous people against what Las Casas believed to be “mortal enemies of the human race (p.
The Spanish tried their best to “learn Native beliefs and customs in order to identify and extirpate them” (MV, 174) but
The narrative from the Vatican surrounding the canonization of Father Serra inadvertently dismisses the negative impact the California Mission system had on the various native tribes in California. The Spanish colonization of California subsequently led to countless atrocities committed against the Native population in order to successfully control the region. One of the primary objectives of the Spanish was to convert the native populations to Christianity and ultimately control their way of life. This makes the Vatican’s effort to expedite Serra’s canonization particularly deplorable for the same Church that apologised to Native Americans for the actions of the Catholic church during the colonization of the Americas. Ultimately, Father Serra
With His Pistol in His Hand takes place in Mexico during the summer of 1901. The main character Gregorio Cortez Lira is a young and humbled hard working farmer; married to Leonar Diaz and father of four. He was very close to his brother, Roman Cortez. One day while Gregorio and his brother were at home on the farm, the Major Sheriff confronted them in regards of a horse thieft. The Sheriff heard that Gregorio traded with an American a horse and a mare.
Between 1830's and 1840's the life of the California Indians were brought down, and the wealthy Californios enjoyed the benefits. Since in 1824, a California governor tried to force the separation of Indians and the missions, and soldiers killed many Californian natives for their resistance. In 1833, General Jose Figueroa, governor of California, approved the law of secularization, which was the decision to take away the lands from the Missions and give them to the natives. This decision affected 18,000 mission Indians because most of them depended on the missions. With the secularization, Indians gained their freedom and received part of the missions' land; however, the natives did not have money and tools to work the land; thus, some
They were stripped away from their traditional and ordinary lives and introduced to the “oppressors’” way of life. If they stepped out of line and attempted to retain their previous lifestyle, they were physically abused through a system that wanted to spend as less money as possible to “kill the Indian, save the man.” It was this trauma that they went through as children that they reflect on their own children as they grew accustomed to it. It was this that many Navajo families of the reservation have a sense of fear to teach the younger generation the culture and language they were forced to grow apart from. The result and impact of the boarding school system can still be seen
My personal observation is that the community members feel sad and depressed when they remember the issues of colonization and how they are been oppressed in following the laid down rules and principles of the colonizers. Being subjected by the colonialist rules which created a standpoint that their version of addressing issues is right, whereas that of the victim is wrong. One of the strength perspective of the Northern New Mexico (Nuevomexicano) Hispanic culture is the desire to protect and preserve their culture. ASSESSMENT The historical trauma affected the life of community members till this present day, where members perform the role of cultural and community protector and this have major consequence on their part because there is a feeling of protecting of one self constantly and the fear of that there are enemies everywhere.
Secondary Source Analysis In order to create his ideal Native American standing within the American Government, which includes the non-indigenous portion of the world acknowledging and understanding Native American issues with the United States and Internationally, Walter R. Echo-Hawk, in his A Context for Understanding Native American Issues, delves into the United State’s past Indian affairs as well as his goals for achieving this ideal. It is important to consider the author’s attitude towards the topic, his desired audience and the devices he used when analyzing the strength of his arguments. Echo-Hawk brings up the point, during the beginning of chapter two, that the general public is unaware of much of the happenings between the United
The rendition of the Virgin of Guadalupe Flanked by Saint John and Juan Diego validated the legend of the “original” Virgin by acknowledging the healing history this icon by placing Diego along with a Saint exhibiting its protecting nature to the inherent peoples. Peterson continues to say this would lead to an important first step of associating Mexico with the biblical New Jerusalem creating a stable religious-political foundation for more independent peoples. Although, these people would be continue to be viewed in jaded light for the colonials had a strong sense of class stratification that weighed heavily on race versus worth. Virgin of Guadalupe Venerated by Juan Diego and the Indian display the Indian as a reincarnate of a noble savage causing a disjointed understanding of the proper place in the caste. The Virgin was converted to a national emblem after it is believed that after widespread prayer she stopped a plague that was rapidly killing almost 100,000 proving her efficacy although who is to say that the widespread illness had already run
Hilary Weaver argues in her piece of writing; that identifying indigenous identity is complex, complicated, and hard to grasp when internalized oppression and colonization has turned Native Americans to criticize one another. Throughout the text, Weaver focuses on three main points which she calls, the three facets. Self-identification, community identification, and external identification are all important factors that make up Native American identity. The author uses a story she calls, “The Big game” to support her ideologies and arguments about the issue of identity. After reading the article, it’s important to realize that Native American’s must decide their own history and not leave that open for non-natives to write about.
In the 16th Century, Spain became one of the European forces to reckon with. To expand even further globally, Spanish conquistadors were sent abroad to discover lands, riches, and North America and its civilizations. When the Spanish and Native American groups met one another, they judged each other, as they were both unfamiliar with the people that stood before them. The Native American and Spanish views and opinions of one another are more similar than different because when meeting and getting to know each other, neither the Spaniards nor the Native Americans saw the other group of people as human. Both groups of people thought of one another as barbaric monsters and were confused and amazed by each other’s cultures.
The defense of Chief Red Jacket gave to his religion is a wonderful piece of history that does not get enough credit. Chief Red Jacket’s speech illuminates the thoughts of the Native Americans in that specific era. Today, the Native Americans and other minorities in the United States of America have been having more recognition. One of the actions that have been a little unpopular in US History is the religious
Merrell’s article proves the point that the lives of the Native Americans drastically changed just as the Europeans had. In order to survive, the Native Americans and Europeans had to work for the greater good. Throughout the article, these ideas are explained in more detail and uncover that the Indians were put into a new world just as the Europeans were, whether they wanted change or
However, according to Father Junipero Serra, the natives were by far in the wrong with their actions to destroy the mission (Chan/Olin, 60). This argument is obviously one sided, but if the website for the San Luis Rey Mission mentioned the fact that the natives sometimes did not like the fact that they were being taken over by a force that merely controlled them with guns, it would most definitely affect their tourist income in numbers. In addition, the mission website is less likely to mention the fact that there were punishments for those natives who did reject the work or conversion to Catholicism. As mention in Francis F. Guest’s essay, “Cultural Perspectives on Death and Whipping in the Missions”, there were many instances in which the punishments for natives was excessive and superfluous. “There is incontrovertible testimony that delinquent Indians were whipped, sometimes excessively, by the padres”
De Soto kept a chart from the king and read a lengthy statement to each group of natives that he encountered. He informed them that they all belong to him and the Spanish crowd. The Indians were to pledge their allegiance to Spain and accept the Catholic faith. If they refused it, it came with the warning that the Spaniards will start a war and go after all of their