The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799 that had lasting impacts on the course of history. It began with an uprising against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI, who had refused to make reforms or grant more power to the Third Estate—the poorest class in France. This unrest eventually led to civil war and ultimately resulted in a new government: The Republic of France. During this time, many ideals associated with modern democracy were born, including popular sovereignty (power held by citizens), religious freedom, and universal suffrage (right for all adult males regardless of race or religion). Additionally, important documents such as the Declaration of Rights and Duties of Man and Citizen outline these rights even further.