Hills Like White Elephants, written by Ernest Hemingway in 1927, is a short story about an American man and his girlfriend as they wait at a train station in Spain. The couple's conversation revolves around the woman's desire to have an abortion. Through this dialogue, Hemingway examines themes of love, gender roles, and communication within relationships.
The title itself serves as a metaphor for the uncertainty that surrounds their relationship; just like white elephants are rare creatures with no clear purpose or meaning in nature, so too does the couple seem to lack direction when it comes to their own situation. Throughout the course of their conversation, it becomes apparent that neither character knows how to express what they truly want from each other, all while knowing there may be no solution that satisfies them both equally.
This ambiguity is further explored through Hemingway's sparse writing style, which relies heavily on indirect dialogue between characters rather than lengthy descriptions of the setting or emotions felt by either protagonist. By doing so, he emphasizes how difficult it can be for couples (or any two people) to communicate effectively with one another despite having seemingly similar goals and values at heart, leaving readers without easy answers regarding who will ultimately get what they want out of this encounter or if anyone will win at all.