Civil disobedience is a form of political protest where citizens choose to disobey laws, ordinances, or regulations they deem unjust. This type of resistance has been used by individuals and groups throughout history in order to effect change in their government and society. In many cases, civil disobedience takes the form of non-violent direct action such as boycotts, sit-ins, marches, strikes, or protests. The primary goal of this type of action is often to pressure the government into changing its policies or making new ones that are more reflective of public opinion.
The practice dates back centuries, with some notable examples, including Mahatma Gandhi's campaign for Indian independence from British rule in 1930s India; Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on an Alabama bus during the American civil rights movement; and Henry David Thoreau's essay "On Civil Disobedience", which was written after he refused to pay taxes due to his opposition to slavery and the Mexican War. Many people today use forms of civil disobedience when faced with oppressive governments or social injustice around the world. While it can be effective at bringing attention to certain issues and forcing change within societies, there are also risks associated with engaging in civil disobedience, as one may face legal repercussions depending on local laws governing dissent.