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20th Century Labor History: The Decline Of Union Memberships
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John Morrison's Testimony of a Machinist is a Transcript of Morrison testifying in front of the Senate. The transcript covers changes in factory work environments, possible causes of those changes and effects that they have. This paper is a very good source to see the growing unrest among factory workers, why they feel disenfranchised and why they might wish to unionize. What is overlooked in this which make his arguments weaker than they could be is the fact that technology will always be advancing and must be adapted to.
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Jobs that were thought to be impossible to replace, like the mill worker, burger flipper, or waiter, have been replaced by factories, burger flipping robots, and tablets. These jobs, through a combination of taxes and rapidly cheapening technology, kills these jobs. This has happened since the dawn of time: the bronze worker was
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AFL-CIO is the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations. It is a national movement or trade union that is the largest in America, and its activities are usually aimed at the improvement of the workers’ welfare from the individual whose job is considered insignificant to those on top of the pyramid (Hrebenar & Scott, 2015). Its members include the likes of miners, farmers, teachers, firefighters, engineers, and public employees. It protects their interests and fights for their rights, something that allows for a fair workplace that also allows for their productivity and their efficiency within the workplace.
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Prompt: How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that have contributed to the level of success achieved. The period of 1875-1900, better known as the Gilded Age, was a time of economic definition. At this time America was settling in its ways as a capitalist society known for its free market and trade opportunities.
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The first similarities among the collective labor unions are that they each had the goal of obtaining better conditions for the worker. With factories rising at such a fast pace, it was virtually impossible for workers to control or improve their working conditions. The NLU first organized with plans on uniting different labor unions with the intent of creating a common movement or a national organization. The NLU fought for higher wages and shorter hours through Legislative reform instead of bargaining.
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According to Jake Rosenfield, organized labor had already begun its decades-long decline. During the 1970’s and the 1980’s unionization rates nearly halved and this was especially brutal for organized labor. It was then that economic conditions had begun to change. Then organized labor had begun to disappearing in the sector where it has had the greatest impact on people’s livelihoods. Even before the 1980’s, Jiwook Jung explains that corporate America had experienced waves of downsizing.
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It is a difficult task to challenge the social and economic policies of a country, especially one as patriotic as the United States during the post wartime Red scare era of the 1920 's. labor unions could account for this as they saw their membership fall from a high of 5 million in the 1920s to a mere 3.6 million by 1923(Rosenzweig 353). A combination of Supreme court decisions, Employer pressures and in many cases a lack of a strong leadership seen in previous individuals like Samuel Gompers contributed to this. Yet this trend surprisingly didn’t remain consistent as the great depression emerged around the 1930s. In fact they tripled there membership during the 1930s(Rosenzweig 429).They opened up, recruiting millions of women in their causes
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Farmers and Industrial Workers in the Gilded Age In a time when industrialization was booming, immigrants were racing towards the “American Dream”, and cities were growing towards the sky, the United States was thriving. As a country, the United States went from rural, to mostly urban, which made America “the world’s largest industrial power” as stated by John Green. Since the U.S. had become mostly urban, this left the very few rural workers (farmers), and even some of the industrial workers unhappy. This period of industrialization is called the Gilded Age than spans from 1865 to 1900.The farmers and industrial workers responded to the Gilded Age in significantly negative ways including unions against their authority, strikes and political
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During the decades following the civil war government dissension prevented labor unions from effectively improving the inadequate conditions of the working class. By the end of the 19th century these unions were viewed as a threat to the republican way and were encouraged to dismantle. Although it may have seemed that the voice of the minority had been silenced once more, Eugene Debs, head of the socialist party refused to let that happen. Debs emerged as a leader of a political movement aimed at defeating private control & transferring political power from the elites to the public. He prompted the working class to unionize once again and inaugurate their own party, a labor party.
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The eruption of industrialization in the Northeast in the decades following the end of Reconstruction created massive amounts of wealth for a privileged few. The cost of this unprecedented growth was paid for on the backs of the working-class labor. Men and women were forced to work unthinkable hours, children were forced into jobs at very young ages, and working conditions were nearly and workable which led to many avoidable injuries. All these atrocities were committed to maximize the profits of their employers, whose exorbitant wealth led to the era being referred too ironically as the Gilded Age. Labor leaders such as Samuel Gompers combated the powerful upper class that controlled the profits of production by attempting to organize labor
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“The labor movement was the principal force that transformed misery and despair into hope and progress.” (Martin Luther King Jr.) The largest textile strike was the Textile Workers’ Strike of 1934 and it lasted twenty two days. It is the most famous textile strike from that time, but there were many more battles fought by workers. Mill workers, who were tired of their current conditions, went on strike against mill owners over work conflicts.
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The 1920’s, or “The Roaring 20’s”, was a decade that witnessed exciting social changes. It was a time of prosperity and dissipation, bootleggers and jazz dancers, and most importantly, it was a decade of The Prohibition Era. The Prohibition Era is basically an era which banned the manufacture, transportation, import and export, and the sale of alcoholic beverages. It was meant to reduce crime, corruption, and social problems and increase the overall hygiene of America. However, this social and political experiment failed.
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(Saez, 2010). On the other hand, the major downfall of unions according to some economists is the way they can affect the labor environment. I
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Trade union membership worldwide has been decline due to structural factors that is smaller public sector, smaller manufacturing sector and fewer large firms. The labor market has become more volatile, with workers mobility, part time work, and lastly flexible work arrangements. Moreover, enlightened managements and mobility of capital as well as diversity of work force and workplace have reduced benefits of joining trade unions, impaired trade unions bargaining power and increased the cost of organizing. These developments have adversely affect trade union worldwide. This essay is based on the decline in trade union membership and the advantages and disadvantages of trade unions.
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