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A Summary Of Hudson Bay

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Two centuries before Confederation, a pair of resourceful French traders, Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart, Sieur des Groseilliers, discovered a wealth of fur in the interior of the continent, accessible through the great inland sea of Hudson Bay. After gaining the interest of Prince Rupert, cousin of King Charles II of England, the first ships set sail from England in 1668. On May 2, 1670, the Royal Charter granted exclusive trading rights of the Hudson Bay watershed to “the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson Bay.” Its first century of operation found HBC firmly anchored in a few forts and posts around the shores of James and Hudson bays. Annually, trappers brought furs to barter for manufactured
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In the early 1800s as the United States of America began to expand west, fur trapping became a career choice for many men. One of the most iconic fur traders is Peter Skene Ogden, a Canadian was one of the most widely traveled in the Far West region. Due to his exceptional leadership, traveling, mapping, and fur trading skills; he was cause for the development of many civilizations that would later develop into cities. Although his main focus was trapping, Peter Ogden through diligent work, was paving a way for settlers to know what they were going to encounter out west. Through all the experiences that he encountered and the skill set that he demonstrated, shows why he was such a successful fur trader.

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The expiration date of the joint occupation agreement was also approaching. The Hudson Bay Company decided to apply to the Foreign Office for guidance in the Oregon Country. Communications were conducted with George Canning who was the secretary for Foreign Affairs. Canning suggested for a new round of negotiations that would be based on the consent of the company regarding its commercial activity in the Oregon Country. The revenue reported from trade fur on the Columbia was an estimated £30-40,000.

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France, one of the more wealthy countries in Europe at the time, claimed a chunk of land in what is today America and Canada. Although France generated a lot of wealth from the land they controlled in the Northern Americas, nevertheless they lost all the land because they were spending more than they were getting in return, there was not enough people that wanted to go and colonize the land, and the land was invaded by the British. The land was not colonized by people who wanted to settle there, only men went there in search of new wealth in the fur trade. Jacques Cartier made three voyages for the French. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River and found the land that is modern day Quebec and Montreal.

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He had set on his fourth voyage with his son John, Robert, and his crew, they were aboard the ship “Discovery” they had set out to sea navigating into an inlet into northern Canada In July 1610 they sailed into Hudson Bay. He and his crew spent many months documenting, and mapping the coast line, they were unfortunate in finding a way west. After several months, winter had came and The Hudson Bay had filled with ice leaving them with no escape. The crew had no choice but to drop anchor, and stay until the bay cleared of ice.

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Most trading posts were lead by European traders, because there was not much of tree land left in Europe, so there was less fur in the area and that lead to trading in Canada. Beaver fur was the most valuable, because it was the best fur for making felt. To trade, groups such as the First Nations and the Inuits, would bring there furs to the trading posts, and trade for there goods. Later a group of men at the trading posts, decided to go look for there own furs, and they were called the coureur de bois. The coureur de bois were french-Canadian’s that traveled through New France and North America.

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The Netherlands and the Dutch East India Company wanted Hudson to explore the Northeast passage. When Hudson came back with no finding of the Northeast passage, the Netherland and the Dutch East India Company lost faith. Wealthy English merchants thought he could find it if he got a second chance so, they paid for another trip to find the Northeast passage. The Muscovy company gave him order of a ship named the Hopewell, which is the ship that Hudson and his eleven crew members including his son, John, went on for their first voyage in 1607. On his second voyage in 1608, Hudson used the Hopewell again.

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Hired by England for even MORE money, Hudson’s discoveries laid the groundwork for Dutch colonization of the Hudson River region, as well as English land claims in Canada. Hudson continued

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