Paige Stapleton
AP Statistics Summer Assignment
Chapter 1: Exploring Data
1.1 Displaying Distributions with Graphs
1. In statistics, what is meant by individuals?
In statistics, individuals are the objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, animals, or things.
2. In statistics, what is meant by a variable?
In statistics, a variable is any characteristic of an individual.
3. What is meant by exploratory data analysis?
Exploratory data analysis is a way of examining data by using statistical tools and ideas in order to describe main features.
4. What is the difference between a categorical variable and a quantitative variable?
A categorical variable places an individual into one of several groups or categories. A quantitative
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Which variable always appears on the horizontal axis of a scatterplot?
The explanatory variable always appears on the horizontal axis of a scatterplot.
5. Explain the difference between a positive association and a negative association.
The difference between a positive association and a negative association is that the pattern of a positive association moves from the lower left to the upper right, and the pattern of a negative association moves from upper left to lower right.
3.2 Correlation
1. What does correlation measure?
Correlation measures the strength of the linear relationship between two quantitative variables.
2. Explain why two variables must both be quantitative in order to find the correlation between them. Two variables must both be quantitative in order to find the correlation between them because if they aren’t, - 1 < r < 1 won’t work.
3. What is true about the relationship between two variables if the r-value is:
a. Near 0?
Very weak linear relationship
b. Near 1?
Strong, positive linear relationship
c. Near -1?
Strong, negative linear relationship
4. Is correlation resistant to extreme observations? Explain.
Correlation isn’t resistant to extreme observations; outliers can have an affect on the