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Aaron T. Freud's Magnitive Approach

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INTRODUCTION In the 1970’s, a number of behaviour therapists, who were known to focus purely on observable behaviour, began to reappraise the importance of one’s thoughts, perceptions, evaluations and self statements. They began to view these “private events” as processes that mediate the responses of objective stimulus condition and, therefore, assist in determining behaviour and emotions (Borkovec, 1985; Mahoney & Arnkoff, 1978). For cognitive theorists, human beings have the capacity to be rational or irrational, erroneous or realistic, in their thinking. They subscribe to the view that what people think about their experiences determines how they will feel about them, and ultimately what they do. Therefore, they consider erroneous thinking …show more content…

Beck developed an approach called cognitive therapy (CT) based on his research on depression (Beck 1963, 1967). He was interested in studying people’s automatic thoughts, which are personalised notions that are triggered by particular stimuli that lead to emotional responses. He concluded based on his observations of depressed clients that they had a negative bias in the way they viewed certain life events resulting in major cognitive distortions. He contended that people with emotional difficulties tended it make some characteristic “logical errors” that distorted their objective reality. Some of the systematic errors that he identified …show more content…

• Personalization involves viewing external events as related to themselves, even when there is no basis for making that conclusion. • Labelling and mislabelling involves defining one’s identity based on one’s imperfections and mistakes made in the past. Cognitive Therapy (CT), therefore, views psychological problems as arising due to faulty thinking, making incorrect inferences based on inadequate or incorrect information and a failure to distinguish between fantasy and reality. According to Weishaar (1993), the theoretical assumptions of cognitive therapy are that (i) human being’s internal thoughts are accessible to introspection, (ii) client’s beliefs have highly personal meanings, and (iii) These meanings can be discovered by the client himself (as cited in Corey, 2013). RESEARCH STUDIES ON COGNITIVE

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underlying assumption that comes directly after the thought. The counselor and client can then break down what that assumption means to the client and whether or not it should be considered reasonable or distorted. Another method of approach is called “thought stopping” which teaches clients to stop automatic thoughts that keep running. It works by verbally saying stop or picturing a stop sign and force themselves to stop their train of thought. Roleplaying is another effective way to verbalize thoughts and challenge underlying assumptions, changing them into more positive thoughts, preventing catastrophizing or jumping to conclusions caused by cognitive distortions.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based psychological therapy. The emphasis is on recognising and modifying negative thoughts and beliefs and maladaptive behaviours, subsequently impacting on mood and emotions. I am a Psychologist and Clinical Hypnotherapist based in Castlebar, Co.Mayo that offers Cognitive Behavioural Therapy sessions to clients based in Castlebar and the wider Mayo hinterland. Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy (CBH) is a combination of cognitive, behavioural and hypnosis interventions.

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I. Title Lukianoff, G., & Haidt, J. (2015, September). The Coddling of the American Mind. Retrieved April 04, 2016, from http:/pqqwww.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ II. Hypothesis A movement driven by college students is on the rise, to demand protection from words, ideas, and subjects that cause discomfort and to punish those who offend even those that do it accidentally.

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Cognitive theory focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Social workers assist clients in identifying patterns of irrational and self-destructive thoughts and behaviors that influence emotions. Cognitive theory allows social workers to assess the client’s schemata, identify any dysfunctional thought patterns, and consider the evidence supporting a client’s belief in order to clients to adjust their process to better facilitate the attainment of goals and experience more positive emotions (Hutchison, 2013. P. 119). On the other hand, cognitive therapy cannot encourage clients to rationalize their problems with negative thoughts and irrational thinking due to oppressive external circumstances.

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The Food and Drug Administration is the oldest “consumer protection agency in the federal government”. The purpose of the FDA is to protect consumers by assuring that all food supplies,medical devices,cosmetics,human and veterinary drugs,and products that emit radiation are safe and secure for our use. Although the official label for the FDA was not created until the 1930’s it’s beginnings can date all the way back to the year of 1848. It all started with a man named Lewis Beck.

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It is believed the most influential model in treatment methods of depression has been Aaron Beck’s cognitive theory of depression (Beck 1976). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most widely practised branch of psychotherapy. It was developed in the seventies by Professor Aaron T Beck. He concluded that in his treatment of depression, a combination of cognitive and behaviour therapies were more effective than psychoanalysis. By using clinical observation of depressed patients Beck was able to come to the conclusion that patients had a negative cognitive triad where they had a negative view of themselves, the world and their future.

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Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline personality disorder is a disorder that affects mental health and causes major emotional instability. It can lead to other mental as well as behavioral problems. A person with borderline personality disorder usually has a very distorted self-image and often feels worthless. He/she often experiences frequent mood swings, anger, and impulsiveness, which may push people away, even if he wants to have meaningful relationships.

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Child psychology, also called child development, is the study of the psychological processes of children and especially, how they develop as young adults and how they differ from one child to the next. It basically tends to map onto children’s physical, cognitive and social/emotional development. Psychologists attempt to make sense of every aspect of child development, including how children learn, think, interact and respond emotionally to people around them and understand emotions and their developing personalities, temperaments and skills. It also includes how individual, social and cultural factors may influence their development. Child study is of comparatively recent origin.

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a therapeutic model that aids in regulating emotions. Regulating emotions involve gaining control over negative cognition and emotions that are behind memories that have been suppressed. The main focus of this therapeutic technique is to abolish a connection between negative emotional processes and the memories that are involved. To gain access to these often hidden psychological experiences is to look at physical and emotional behavior to see if there is a pattern and any psychological disorders that the client may have. While past events may receive some attention during this type of therapy, there is not too much of an emphasis of the cause of the distress.

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Scott Burgess PSY 803 06/10/2016 Module 5 DQ 2 Cognitive theorists maintain that our approach to behavioral change rests solely in the way we think about behavior. Explain the gap that exists between cognitive and behavioral psychology. When thinking about psychology it is interesting to think about all that has occurred in psychology thus far. Even as Robins, Gosling, and Craik (1999) mentioned there has been many trends that have occurred within psychology, such as, that of psychoanalysis, that of behaviorism, and even that of cognitive psychology.

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In the world of psychology, very few are as widely known as Sigmund Freud. Credited for his theories on the subconsciousness, dream interpretation and his creation of psychoanalysis, Freud had many notable achievements in his lifetime. From his first study co-authored with Josef Breuer in 1895, Studies in Hysteria (Boeree, 2009), his commitment to deepening humanity’s understanding of the human mind lead to many noteworthy theories that are still considered today. Freud was born in Austria on May 6th, 1856, and relocated with his family to Vienna when he was four. Originally deciding to study medicine at the University of Vienna, he specialized in the nervous system and after graduating he opened his own medical practice.

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Cognitive Based Therapy When an individual experiences grief and difficulties moving beyond the pain and loss associated with grief; the individual may be experiencing complicated grief. “Complicated grief is a condition that occurs when something impedes the process of adapting to a loss. The core symptoms include intense and prolonged yearning, longing and sorrow, frequent insistent thoughts of the deceased and difficulty accepting the painful reality of the death or imagining a future with purpose and meaning” (Sheer & Bloom, 2016, p.6). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a treatment approach that social workers and therapists may utilize to help the individual change their pattern of negative thinking or behaviors. “CBT has been used to

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Therapists must access their own internal process such as their feelings, attitudes and moods. Therapists’, who are not receptive to the awareness of their flow of thoughts and feelings, will not be able to help clients be aware of theirs (Kahn, 1997, p. 40). Though congruence does not mean that therapists have to share personal issues with clients, a therapist must not conceal their inner process from the client, and not be defensive but transparent (Kahn, 1997, p. 41). By being open sometimes a therapist learns more not only about their client but about themselves

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Psychoanalysis was first introduced by Sigmund Freud and is now known as classical psychoanalysis. The theory, as defined by Sigmund Freud, is the dynamic between underlying forces that determine behavior and personality. He stressed the importance of human sexuality, childhood experiences, and the unconscious processes. However, his theory was seen as misogynistic and narrow focused. Consequently, classical psychoanalysis was criticized and rejected by many scholars.

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Introduction Sigmund Freud is the great theorist of the mysteries of the human mind and a founder of the psychoanalysis theory which was formed in the 1800s, the theory is well known for accessing self-identity and the self in different ways in order to discover their different meaning, (Elliott, 2015). Buss (2008) states that Sigmund’s theory of Psychoanalysis offers a unique controversial insight into how the human mind works in a way that, this theory provided a new approach to psychotherapy, thus it means that it provided a new treatment for psychological problems that even highly qualified doctors couldn’t even cure. (Buss, 2008) According to Cloninger (2013), Erik Erikson on the other hand is the founder of the psychoanalytic-social Perspective which is mostly referred to as psychosocial development theory, Erikson became interested in child development when he met Anna Freud and he trained in psychoanalysis and with his Montessori diploma, he become one of the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.

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