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Erikson's stages of development adolescence
Erikson's psychological stages of development essay
Erikson's psychological stages of development essay
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Erikson theorized that there are eight stages
“During adolescence our infantile identifications reflected in self-representations are subjected to scrutiny and change, while new identifications and valuations come into being”.29 Eventually, these new identifications will lead us to clarity and newfound conclusions about ourselves, allowing us to grow and change as
This can be done through a steady set of norms and values, which ultimately influence your identity formation (Klimstra, 2012). Furthermore, Sigelman and Rider (2015), suggest that to achieve a sense of identity, the adolescent needs to incorporate multiple perceptions
Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.
Erikson’s developmental stages consist of the age during the stages, and what the person goes through during that stage. Erikson puts social and cultural aspects into Freud's biological and sexual theory. Each stage has its conflict and the person must find the balance in between the two
Where, Erikson is known for his eight Psychosocial stages which is also part of the psychoanalytic perspective Freud is known for his five stages that focus on the development of life with each stage
The research that struck myself as most worthwhile was the study on mothers and identity. I’ve always been interested in why identity is important, especially during adolescence. Why is it important to maintain one’s public image or face? Is it to hide who they are or is it a strategy used to fit in with a given culture? When I first moved to Utah, I was 14 years old.
This confusion or challenge can be better understood through its application to developmental and a personality theories. Concerning the developmental theory, the cognitive and affective issues arising from my identity crisis can be applied to Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage including the major psychosocial crisis of Identity vs. Role Confusion, and also to Marcia’s “Identity status” of Moratorium (Passer & Smith, 2011, p. 430, 447). Concerning the personality theory, the cognitive and affective issues arising from my identity crisis can very well be applied to the Neuroticism Dimension within the Five Factor Model (Passer & Smith, 2011, p.
Adolescence is largely accepted as the period between puberty and adulthood. There is no age bracket for the periods of development that an individual goes through – each of them overlap each other, yet each is distinct. Erikson, in his theory of psychosocial development speaks about how the individual’s social surroundings develop the identity of the person and his personality. And this development happens in stages. Adolescence is one such stage that Erikson characterizes as Identity vs Role Confusion.
Identity development during adolescence Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood and also a period of prominent change for teenagers when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Adolescence is not just marked by physical changes but also cognitive, social, emotional and interpersonal changes as well. The development of a strong and stable sense of self known as identity development is widely considered to be one of the crucial tasks of adolescence. Identity development of an adolescent is influenced by external factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media.
Teenage is the most exciting growth stages for scholars and researchers in the field of Psychology for its special nature in terms of containing many physical, psychological and emotional changes. No doubt that the teenager who fails in achieving the demands and challenges feels disappointed and discouraged, which will eventually motivate him to continue to find his identity. Identity crisis is the main problem in adolescence in which the teenager asks who am I?, What is my role in society? How can I prove my existence?
The purpose of this paper is to discuss role confusion, which is the crisis in adolescence, according to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development which consists of 8 stages. Firstly, it introduces the concept of identity and who came up with it as well as defining role confusion . Next it elaborates on Erikson’s theory for better understanding of his theory by looking at stages before and after adolescence. Thirdly, it addresses adolescence as the crucial period in developing one’s identity and why it is so important in the formation of the identity. Following that, it lists down and elaborates the negative effects of role confusion and reasons why it may happen.
It is for this reason that Pinney, suggested that, identity build up is the most fundamental objective of a person 's adolescence, and "those who fail to achieve a secure identity are faced with identity confusion, a lack of clarity about who they are and what their role is in life” (Pinney, 1993). This brings out the fact that identity builds up and understanding is an inevitable and unexplainable. An understanding of identity an important aspect of crosses cultural communication, because it will help provide a guideline for communication interaction with others who have different cultural identity (Samorava , Porter, & McDaniel, 2009, p.
He constructed eight developmental stages depending upon sociological and psychological developmental instruments and methods. He published psychoanalytical theory of eight levels in his book entitled “The eight ages of Man” in 1950, but later on modified and expanded the theory. He has explained the term epigenetic and represented with space and time and focused on personality and behavioral influences from birth to mature nature of an individual. He also focus on the nature and its reflection due to experiences during the eight stages (Erikson, 1950). Erik Erikson's stages of development:
Identity formation is firm foundation for adolescence and it is central development concern and issue of adolescence. Every child want to develop her own identities or at least it take first step to identifies her own identities in that stage we called as adolescence stage on age 11 to 19 year. School is the important context to emerge adolescence identity formation. School environment might be supportive to adolescence for developmental task of identity formation. School environment consider in term of pedagogy, social, organizational and other component.
