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Reflection Paper On Development Psychology

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DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOLOGY: REFLECTIVE ESSAY In life of an individual there are several developmental changes or events which occur as continuity of span of life. Some of life developmental stages include infantile, adolescence, maturity, and adulthood. These phases have biological, social, psychological and physiognomic reasons to which an individual completed the course of life. Psychological analysis upon the developmental stages include the focus on characterization, demarcation and the social interaction of individual’s life (Baltes & Schaie, 2013). Adolescence is the stage which has more potential and energetics but with all positive aspects this stage has some developmental events which need to be observe and controlled for making a normal and good personality. The concept refers to the psychological chenges which begin with puberty and end at the …show more content…

He constructed eight developmental stages depending upon sociological and psychological developmental instruments and methods. He published psychoanalytical theory of eight levels in his book entitled “The eight ages of Man” in 1950, but later on modified and expanded the theory. He has explained the term epigenetic and represented with space and time and focused on personality and behavioral influences from birth to mature nature of an individual. He also focus on the nature and its reflection due to experiences during the eight stages (Erikson, 1950). Erik Erikson's stages of development: Erik Erikson developed model for the interpretations of reflections due to experiences during eight stages in life of an individual. He constructed model based on psychosocial developmental processes, which can be viewed as; Table: Eight psychosocial crisis of Erik Erikson’s Model (Erikson, 1950) No. Psychosocial Crisis Stage Issues Virtues Distortions 1. “Trust Vs. Mistrust” Infant Feeding, sleep, comfort Hope Sensory

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According to Shaffer (2009), Erikson believed that human beings face eight major crises, or conflicts, during the course of their lives. Each conflict has its own time for emerging, as dictated by both biological maturation and the social demands that developing people experience at particular points in life (p.42). Every age someone deals with tells a story in their lifetime. There are eight stages in the Erikson’s stages.

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His model of ‘eight stages of psychosocial development’ explains that the human development process is influenced by the society, culture, personal circumstances, relationships and environment. He considers that identity, emotions, thoughts and personalities are formed through the associations between the individuals, the society and the circumstances in which they live in. He speaks about the development challenges and conflicts individuals have to tackle in the stages of their lives (Crawford and walker: 2007). The ability to deal with these challenges and conflicts can be the source of gaining vital expertise, skills and strength for the next stages. Although successful conclusion of each stage is not entirely critical, failure can be detrimental to the development of the personality, character and self- regard and, may possibly bring about developmental stagnation, whereas assistance and support can help to overcome this obstacle (Trevithick: 2012).

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Erik Erikson was a stage theorist that emphasized on psychosocial development. His theory is the expansion of the Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson claimed that the development of the personality is based on the eight stages of lifespan model of development which he proposed. The eight stages of the lifespan model of development consist of “Trust vs Mistrust”, “Autonomy vs Shame”, “Initiative vs Guilt”, “Industry vs Inferiority”, “Identity vs Role Confusion”, “Intimacy vs Isolation”, Generativity vs Stagnation” and “Ego Integrity vs Despair”. The first stage of our lifespan is “Trust vs Mistrust” stage.

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In studying adolescent development, adolescence can be defined biologically, as the physical transition marked by the onset of puberty and the termination of physical growth; cognitively, as changes in the ability to think abstractly and multi-dimensionally; or socially, as a period of preparation for adult roles. Cognitive advances encompass both increases in knowledge and in the ability to think abstractly and to reason more effectively. Developmental psychologists might focus on changes in relations with parents and peers as a function of school structure and pubertal status. Therefore, as adolescents grow in maturity they also learn how to regulate their emotions which has positive and negative effects on relationship with family and friends. (a textbook of child psychology virender kumar 2012).

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According to Erickson (1950) psychological development results from the interaction between maturational processes or biological needs and the societal demands and social forces encountered in everyday life. (Salkind, 2004) As you know Erickson’s theories contains eight stages and in order to move onto the next stage you must have resolved any conflict that may have occurred.

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Life-span development theory The Erikson’s life-span development theory consists of eight stages, whereby each stage consists of a developmental task with a crisis confrontation.

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Human development is a concept that has been researched and explored by many scholars and experts for centuries throughout human history. By the fact that human development begins at a cell-level, it is evident that there are numerous stages, which people go through between childhood and maturity. During these stages, people change and acquire other traits in terms of behavior and character. Additionally, they able to cope with certain environmental conditions as a result of adaptive features and abilities, acquired through human development. The study of adult development is, one might say, in its infancy.

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Historically, human development was seen as taking place in infancy and childhood, thus assuming that further development is not very interesting. Most personality characteristics (e.g., intelligence, social competence) were seen as fully developed by young adulthood without undergoing significant changes thereafter. With more refined empirical studies on human development it became obvious that individual behavior can significantly change until very old age (Baltes, Staudinger, & Lindenberger, 1999). Therefore, an important issue of modern developmental psychology is to study stabilities and change of human development over the life span. Changes in human behavior over the life span include biological processes (e.g., hormonal production in

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