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Human Development Case Study

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Human Development - Adolescence PSY1009 10/6/2017 Kamilah Vein – 1602511 Words: 999 Tutor: Tsietso Mafoso (Tuesday 14:15-15:00) Human Development refers to the psychological and biological development of a person throughout their lifespan. This development consists of the transitions from infancy, to childhood, to adolescence and finally to adulthood. In this essay I shall discuss the development of adolescence to adulthood with focus on the theoretical approach to physiological, cognitive, soci-emotional, psycho-sexual, moral and identity development. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (1979, 1995) and the given case study, I shall highlight how the four different systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem) …show more content…

The closest layer to the child is the microsystem which refers to the relationships and interactions within their immediate surroundings. Structures found in this system include family, friends and school environments. This is where bi-directional influences are strongest because a child can be influenced by their parents, but the parents can be influenced by their child. This can be seen in the way that Sipho’s grandmother prohibits alcohol and other substances in the house which results in his well upbringing, but Themba’s gang influence from his friends furthers his involvement in toxic behaviours and crime. The mesosystem provides the connection between the structures in the child’s life, such as the relationship between a child’s parent and teacher. The exosystem is the layer where the child does not function directly, such as Sipho’s mother’s workplace in the city. Sipho is not directly affected by his mother’s work, but because of it he was only able to see his mother twice a year. The macrosystem is the outermost layer in a child’s environment. This system encompasses cultural values, customs and laws (Berk, 2000). In relation to the case study, Sipho’s mother does not associate to the belief that parents are solely responsible for raising and caring for their children and has left her son in the care of his grandmother in order to work; therefore Sipho’s macrosystem does not fit the cultural

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As children at young age are very impressionable, an early childhood experiences can influence a child that can affect them ass an adult. During Nilsen’s childhood, his parent’s divorced when he was at a young age where he went to live with his mother and siblings at his maternal grandfather’s home (Crime Investigation, 2014). As they lived the home, Nilsen became very attached to his grandfather; however, Nilsen’s grandfather had passed away when he was 6 years old which impacted Nilsen when viewing his corpse at the funeral (Crime Investigation, 2014). Along with losing his grandfather, Nilsen became isolated when his mother remarried and had four more children from that marriage (Crime Investigation, 2014).

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One of the theories that can explain this is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. This theory states that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems. There are five environmental systems that are identified within the theory. The microsystem is the setting of an individual, the mesosystem involves relationships and connections between the microsystem and contexts, the exosystem includes links between the social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the immediate context, the macrosystem involves culture, and the chronosystem consists of patterns and transitions during the life course (Santrock

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In Susan’s case, she faces difficulties with her new classmates. No one willing to play with her and thus she hide herself and doing nothing while in the recess and lunch time. Also, she does not have good with relationship with her parents and does not talk with her parents even she faces the difficulties. The mesosystem is related to the interaction between microsystem. In Susan’s case, her parents are in Susan’s mesosystem.

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The mesosystem is the relationship of the microsystem and how they work together for the child’s wellbeing. The next system is the Exosystem, which are environmental factors that has influence on the child’s development, but does not directly involves them. An example would be a parent has had a bad day at work, so they may come home angry and it has a negative effect on the child. The Macrosystem is the final level of the Ecological System of Bronfenbrenner, it deals with the largest people and things that have an influence over a child's life. Examples of the Macrosystem include the national Government, the economy, wars, and cultural values.

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