A metal matrix composite is composite material which comprises two constituent parts, one of which is a metal and the other material may be a different material such as a ceramic or organic compound. This is called a hybrid composite.
They are metals with less density and high specific properties such as strength and stiffness. They exhibit properties which are hard to obtain from a single material. One material acts as a matrix and other acts as reinforcement. It is possible to tailor their properties as per the requirement of various industrial applications by fabrication method.
The types of fabrication methods are:
1. Solid State Method
Solid state fabrication is the process, in which Metal Matrix Composites are formed as a result of bonding
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Liquid State Method
It involves incorporation of dispersed medium into a molten matrix metal, followed by its solidification. If there is good interfacial bonding between the dispersed phase and the liquid matrix, then it will provide high level of mechanical properties to the given composites. Proper coating prevents the interaction of dispersed phase and the matrix and it also reduces the interfacial energy.
• Stir casting: It is a method in which ceramic particle and short fibers are mixed within a molten matrix metal by the process of mechanical stirring. It is the simplest and cheapest technique of liquid state fabrication. It is then cast by using conventional casting and is then processed by metal forming technology.
• Pressure Infiltration: It is a method in which ceramic particles, fibers are woven in a molten matrix metal, and it further fills the space between the dispersed phase inclusions. The motive force is capillary force of dispersed phase or an external pressure.
• Electroplating and electroforming: The solution which contains metal ions filled with particles is deposited which forms a composite material. It produces a coating from a 10 micrometer solution containing ion of the desired material in the presence of an electric current. Fibres are